Unit Seven Review: Urban Geography (Services, Urban Patterns)

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Unit Seven Review
Urban Geography (Services, Urban Patterns)






Urban Land Use Models
Hierarchy of Cities
Types of Services
?
Urban Problems
Cities
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
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300
300
300
400
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400
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500
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500
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Urban Land Use Models 100

• Question
• What is the name of this urban model?
• Answer
• The Concentric Zone Model

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3
Urban Land Use Models 200

• Question
• What is the name of this urban model?
• Answer
• The Multiple Nuclei Model

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4
Urban Land Use Models 300

• Question
• Explain how this urban model, the Sector Model,
  is different than the Concentric Zone Model.
• Answer
• In the concentric zone model, a city grows in a
  series of rings surrounding the CBD.
• In the sector model, a city grows in a series of
  wedges or corridors extending out from the CBD.

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5
Urban Land Use Models 400

• Question
• What is the main principle of the Peripheral
  model?
• Answer
• The central city is surrounded by a ring road,
  around which are suburban areas and edge cities,
  shopping malls, office parks, industrial areas,
  and service complexes.

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6
Urban Land Use Models 500

• Question
• What is the name of this urban model, what is the
  narrow area between the CBD and the Mall known
  as, and which people will live closest to that
  area?
• Answer
• Latin American Model, the Spine, the wealthy

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7
Cities 100

• Question
• City established by colonizing empires as
  administrative centers. Often they were
  established on already existing native cities,
  completely overtaking their infrastructures.
• Answer
• Colonial City

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8
Cities 200

• Question
• An extensive concentration of urbanized
  settlement formed by a coalescence of several
  metropolitan areas. The term is commonly applied
  to the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the
  U.S. extending from Boston, MA to Washington,
  D.C.
• Answer
• Megalopolis

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9
Cities 300

• Question
• What is a shock city?
• Answer
• Urban place experiencing infrastructural
  challenges related to massive and rapid
  urbanization.

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10
Cities 400

• Question
• A term used to describe the shifting focus of
  urbanization in the United States away from the
  Central Business District (CBD) toward economic
  activity at the urban fringe.
• Answer
• Edge City

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11
Cities 500

• Question
• What is a world city, and what are the three most
  important world cities?
• Answer
• A city in which a disproportionate part of the
  world's most important business is conducted.
  Dominant city in terms of its role in the global
  political economy.
• New York, Tokyo, London

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12
Types of Services 100

• Question
• Which major category of services do the most
  Americans work in?
• Answer
• Consumer Services

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Types of Services 200

• Question
• What is the name of the employment sector that
  encompasses all service industries?
• Answer
• Tertiary

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14
Types of Services 300

• Question
• What has been the primary cause of the rapid
  increase in the personal-service sector?
• Answer
• A very large increase in the provision of
  healthcare services.

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15
Types of Services 400

• Question
• The service sector of the economy is subdivided
  into what three major types?
• Answer
• Consumer, Business, Public

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16
Types of Services 500

• Question
• For each of the following jobs, name the service
  sector they would fall under of the three major
  types.
• insurance agent, teachers, fire fighter, actress,
  real estate agent, FedEx driver, sales clerk
• Answer
• insurance agent (business)
• teacher (consumer)
• fire fighter (public)
• actress (consumer)
• real estate agent (business)
• FedEx driver (business)
• sales clerk (consumer)

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17
Hierarchy of Cities 100

• Question
• Almost all world cities can be found on which
  three continents?
• Answer
• North America, Europe, Asia

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18
Hierarchy of Cities 200

• Question
• This fourth-level of cities provides relatively
  unskilled jobs and depend for their economic
  health on decisions made in the world cities,
  regional command and control centers, and
  specialized producer-service centers.
• Answer
• Dependent Centers

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Hierarchy of Cities 300

• Question
• This second level of cities contains the
  headquarters of many large corporations,
  concentrations of business services, educational,
  medical, and public institutions.
• Answer
• Command and Control Centers

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20
Hierarchy of Cities 400

• Question
• Industrial and military cities are an example of
  which type of city?
• Answer
• Dependent Centers

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21
Hierarchy of Cities 500

• Question
• What type of city would each of the following be?
• Detroit, Orlando, Los Angeles, Atlanta
• Answer
• Detroit (Specialized Producer-Service Center)
• Orlando (Dependent Center)
• Los Angeles (World City)
• Atlanta (Command and Control Center)

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22
Urban Problems 100

• Question
• The percentage of people living in these
  settlements, slums, and other illegal housing
  ranges from 33 percent in São Paulo, Brazil, to
  85 percent in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, according to
  a U.N. study.
• Answer
• Squatter Settlements

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23
Urban Problems 200

• Question
• The illegal act of banks drawing lines on a map
  to identify areas in which they will refuse to
  loan money.
• Answer
• Redlining

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24
Urban Problems 300

• Question
• What process is being described below?
• Landlords stop maintaining houses when the rent
  they collect becomes less than the maintenance
  cost.
• The building soon deteriorates and grows unfit
  for occupancy.
• At this point, the owner may abandon the
  property, because the rents that can be collected
  are less than the cost of taxes and upkeep.
• Answer
• Filtering

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25
Urban Problems 400

• Question
• What is a scatter site and what were they
  designed to fix?
• Answer
• Public housing units that are dispersed
  throughout the city rather than clustered in a
  large project.
• The hope was that spreading out low-income
  families around the city would lesson the amount
  of high crime and drug abuse seen in highly
  concentrated low-income environments.

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26
Urban Problems 500

• Question
• Based on this map of downtown Chicago, we can
  make assumptions about clustering, and migration
  patterns. What are they?
• Answer
• Different ethnicities seem to be clustered
  together in different parts of the city.
• More whites are moving to the city center, while
  more minorities are moving to the outer edges of
  the city.

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27
? 100

• Question
• The idea that the number of houses per unit of
  land diminishes as distance from the center city
  increases.
• Answer
• Density Gradient

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? 200

• Question
• What is the rank-size rule?
• Answer
• A pattern of settlements in a country, such that
  the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population
  of the largest settlement.

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? 300

• Question
• Any point or place in the urban hierarchy, such
  as a town or city, having a certain economic
  reach or hinterland.
• Answer
• Central Place

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30
? 400

• Question
• Name each of the two rural settlement patterns
  displayed here? What were the benefits of each?
• Answer
• Clustered settlements could reinforce common
  cultural and religious values while providing
  defense against First American attacks.
• Linear settlements had fields extending behind
  the buildings in long, narrow strips to make
  tending the fields easier, while homes were still
  relatively close.

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31
? 500

• Question
• How can you tell if a type of business is a basic
  economic activity or basic industry for a certain
  city?
• Answer
• A communitys basic industries can be identified
  by computing
  the
  percentage of the communitys workers employed in
  that business.
• If the percentage is much higher in the local
  community,
  
  (compared to the country), then that type of
  business is a basic economic activity.

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