Info

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Info Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM
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• Format Schedule for the
• AP Human Geography Exam
• Consists of 2 sections
• Section I 60 minutes 75 M-C ?s
• Counts 50 of total AP exam grade
• 48 seconds each
• BREAK.15 min. or so.
• Section II 75 minutes 3 Free Response items
• Counts 50 of final grade

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• 3 Free Response Items
• -You have to do all 3 for full credit
• -You have 75 total minutes to do these
• -PREWRITE (!!!!) with each
• -fancy form does NOT countcontent is most
  important
• -Do NOT just list
• -Do what it saysIF it says define, do that
• -If it says give an EX., do that
• Glance ahead at all 3 ?s
• WHICH 1 you know most about?
• Start with that one, leaving 2 pages for any
  you are skipping

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• You have about 25 min. to answer each free
  response question.
• Take 5 min. to plan outline your answer.
• A formal essay is NOT required
• But it is NOT enough to just list facts.
• Illustrate your answers w/ GOOD geographic
  examples whenever possible
• Be sure that you number each of your answers,
  including individual parts like 1a) 1b) 1c), in
  the answer booklet as the questions are numbered
  on the next slide ? ?

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• Sample question
• 1. The modern state system is engaged in a
  struggle between the forces of supranationalism
  devolution.
• A) Define both terms give a geographic example
  for each.
• B) With reference to the political economic
  geography of Europe, briefly discuss three
  changes resulting from supranationalism.
• C) With reference to the political economic
  geography of Europe, briefly discuss 3 changes
  resulting from devolution.
• BUTwrite in paragraphs

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• Multiple Choice
• You can have 7 skips without penalty
• That is, if you totally dont know some, leave up
  to seven blank it wont hurt you. Choose the 7
  you are least sure about.
• If you can narrow it to 2 or 3 of the choices,
  answer it!
• 1 pt. for each correct.lose .25 (1/4) for
  each wrong.
• Blanks nothing
• NOTE Guy who wrote the Barrons APHG Study
  Guide never taught APHGHis Free Response stuff
  is totally off baseso do not follow those
  instructions!!
• His Multiple Choice ?s are OK

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• Chapters Topics of ?s
• Ch. 1 Geog. Nature perspectives 5-10
• Ch. 2 3 Pop. Patterns/Migration 13-17
• Ch/ 4-7 Cultural Patterns (cultural
  geog.) 13-17
• Ch. 8 Polit. Geog. 13-17
• Ch. 10 14 Agric. rural land use 13-17
• Ch. 9, 11, 14 Indus. Econ Devel. 13-17
• Ch. 12-13 Cities/urban land (services) 13-17

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How many do I have to get right.? The answer
from an APHG guru

• That's really hard to say - especially since
  another factor would be whether students skip the
  other questions or answer them incorrectly.
  Skipped questions have no penalty, but they lose
  1/4 of the value of a right answer for each
  incorrect answer. So a student who answers 50
  right and skips the other 25 will do much better
  that the students who answers all the questions
  and gets 50 right. Be sure to remind them to
  SKIP a question if they aren't sure or can't
  eliminate at least 1 or 2 answers.
• I just tell my kids to try to do better than the
  "average" kid taking the test - since over half
  will pass, if they are "average" or "above
  average" then they will get a 3, 4, or 5.
• It is POSSIBLE to get a 4 by answering every
  multiple choice question correctly and not
  getting any points on the free response.
  (However getting all 75 questions is highly
  unlikely!)

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• To summarize
• If you TOTALLY do NOT know anything about it,
  SKIP IT.
• TRY to avoid skipping more than 7
• BUTIf there are more than 7 you just DO NOT
  know, then skip more
• PRE-WRITE.BUT.for no more than 5 min. for each
  question
• Writing TOO MUCH is MUCH better than NOT
  including something that explains what you mean
• Clarify.explain.discussDO what it tells you to
  do!

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• NOTES ON MAPS
• --economic maps --physical maps --climate
  maps
• --cartogram
• --legend --political maps --population
  maps
• 1) gives info about how to read the maps to get
  info from the map
• 2) show landforms of an area..the shape of the
  Earths surface
• 4) show places divided up by people, such as
  states (aka countries), cities, counties, etc.
  usually show rivers, major lakes, oceans, etc.,
  also
• 5) show climatic zones/areas within countries,
  continents, etc.
• 6) show natural resources in areas and/or ways
  that people make a living legends may show
  mines, factories, power plants, etc. NOTE the
  economy of a country is the way the money is
  earned, used, spent, controlled, issued, etc.
• 7) shows were more people livethat is they show
  how (heavily, thickly) or how sparsely (thinly)
  populated a place is
• 8) thematic map that shows political areas in
  relation to each other regarding some quality or
  quantity. Examples?

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• dispersed cartography agricultural
• physiological clustered (or a___?___)
  
• concentration
  arithmetic density
• 1) density which considers the of farmers per
  unit of farmland...land being farmed.
• 2) total of something within an area used to
  compare
• the distribution of population in different
  countries.
• Ex. In the United Kingdom has 241 people per
  sq. km.
• 3) the science or mapmaking in order to store
  reference material and/or communicate geographic
  info
• 4) the extent of feature's spread over space
  used to describe changes in distribution
• 5) if objects in an area are close together they
  are said to be
• 6) a feature that is relatively far apart from
  others

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• ID
• NIMBY
• B.O.D.
• Hydrocarbons
• Particulates
• Biomass
• Fossil Fuels
• Most of electricity for businesses comes from
  what fuel source? For homes?

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• Not in My Backyard!
• BOD biochemical oxygen demand decomposing
  organic waste in wateruses up oxygen not
  enough for normal animals plants can cause
  algae to grow too much
• Hydrocarbons cause photochemical smog (dirty
  fog) --comes from fuels paint solvents
  (removers)
• Particulates solids in the air from soot and
• Biomass -plant material, wood, animal wastes
• -LCD vs. MDC w/ biomass? Methane
• Fossil Fuels coal, petroleum (oil), natural gas
• -Finite supply is unevenly distributed
• Non-renewable energy (can u make more?)
• Most of electricity for businesses comes from
  what fuel source? Coal
• For homes? Natural gas

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Map Projection

• interrupted projection map depicts continents
  as accurately as possible by leaving blank space
  in less important areas of the map like oceans.
• Below Mercator A cylindrical map
• Inset is more of a conical map ...area of focus
  (Greenland) accurate, but as it goes lower, loses
  accuracy

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• LIGHTNING REVIEW!!!!!!
• A page Unambiguous (?) identification of a
  place on the earths surface may use lat-long
  coordinates?
• Reference to a location in relation to
  surrounding places?
• Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs,
  language, and other cultural traits brought about
  by the contact with a dissimilar culture group?
• Racial segregation in South Africa?
• The areal (what do you think this means?) extent
  of a persons regularly visited places during a
  day?
• Activities tendency to concentrate in a location
  to share facilities and services for mutual
  benefit?
• Industry that includes the operation of farms,
  farm equipment, and farm commodities?

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• APHG RAPID REVIEW answers
• A Page Unambiguous identification of place on
  earths surface may use lat-long coordinates?
  Absolute location
• Refer. to location in relation to surround.
  places? Relative location
• Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs,
  language, other cult. traits thru contact w/
  dissimilar culture group? Acculturation
• Racial segregation in South Africa? Apartheid
• The areal extent of persons regularly visited
  places during a day? Activity space
• Activities tendency to concentrate in a location
  to share facilities and services for mutual
  benefit? Agglomeration or clustering
• Industry that includes the operation of farms,
  farm equipment, and farm commodities?
  Agribusiness

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1. B page Another name for the Neolithic
   Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? __
2. The practice of raising harvesting fish other
   water produce?
3. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore?
4. The division of a region or country into smaller
   administrative units, usually along ethnic lines?
   
5. Industries that provide goods and services to
   areas outside its center?
6. An effort by realtors to convince whites living
   on the edges of the expanding black housing areas
   to sell their homes, usually at prices lower than
   fair market value then resell the houses to
   blacks at higher than market values?
7. Banks identified areas within a city that they
   believed presented too high a risk of financial
   loss to receive mortgage loans usually related
   to the race of occupants?
8. Lines that separate countries?
9. A place where cargo is transferred from one form
   of transportation to another?

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• ANSW. B Page
• Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__
  About how long ago? __? __ 1st agric.
  Revolution
• The practice of raising harvesting fish other
  water produce? aquaculture
• South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore?
  4 dragons or 4 tigersor 4 Asian dragons/tigers
• Division of a region or country into smaller
  administrative units, usually along ethnic lines?
  Balkanization or Devolution
• Industries that provide goods and services to
  areas outside its center? Basic industries
• An effort by realtors to convince whites living
  on the edges of expanding black housing areas to
  sell their homes, usually at prices lower than
  fair market value then resell the houses to
  blacks at higher than market values?
  blockbusting
• Banks identified areas within a city that they
  believed presented too high a risk of financial
  loss to receive mortgage loans usually related
  to the race of occupants? redlining
• Lines that separate countries? Borders or
  boundaries
• A place where cargo is transferred from one form
  of transportation to another? Break of bulk
  point

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1. C page A map that has been transformed into a
   type of graph where the administrative units have
   been enlarged or reduced in area to graphically
   reflect their numerical share in the topic
   presented?
2. Maps which show distribution by area often by
   symbols or colors which fill an entire
   administrative unit?
3. Forces that tend to disintegrate or push apart?
4. Forces that tend to bind or pull together?
5. A state that is principally composed of a city
   and a limited hinterland? __?__ Ex?
6. A concept that says that an area will specialize
   in the production of items for which it has the
   greatest economic advantage over other areas?
7. The joining together of large urban centers so
   that their edges create a continuous developed
   area? ___?___ Ex?

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1. Page C Map thats been transformed into a type
   of graph where the admin. units have been
   enlarged or reduced in area to graphically
   reflect their numerical share in the topic
   presented? Cartogram
2. Maps which show distribution by area often by
   symbols or colors which fill an entire
   administrative unit? Choropleth
3. Forces that tend to disintegrate? Centrifugal
4. Forces that tend to bind together? Centripetal
5. A state that is principally composed of a city
   and a limited hinterland? City-state Ex? old
   Athens new Singapore
6. A concept that states than an area will
   specialize in the production of items for which
   it has the greatest economic advantage over other
   areas? Comparative advantage
7. The joining together of large urban centers so
   that their edges create a continuous developed
   area? Conurbation or Megalopolis Ex? BosWash,
   ChiPitts, San-San East-west in Japan from Tokyo
   to Kyushu Ruhr region of Germany

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1. D Page The spatial structure of the world
   economic system that includes unequal development
   one area w/ the greatest wealth and economic
   power another area/region which lacks
   development? Also known as the Brandt line
2. A recent shift in population from urban to rural
   areas?
3. Number of births per 1000 population?
4. Number of deaths per 1000 population?
5. of deaths of children less than age 1 per 1000
   births?
6. Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a
   percentage?
7. Survey system used by the French with narrow but
   long sections? Made to give all access to a
   river.
8. Survey system used by British colonies?

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1. D The spatial structure of the world economic
   system that includes unequal development 1 area
   w/ the greatest wealth econ. power another
   area/region which lacks development? Also known
   as the Brandt line Core-periphery
2. A recent shift in population from urban to rural
   areas? Counterurbanization
3. Number of births per 1000 population? Crude birth
   rate
4. Number of deaths per 1000 population? Crude death
   rate
5. Number of deaths of children less than age 1 per
   1000 births? Infant mortality rate
6. Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a ?
   Rate of natural increase
7. Survey system used by the French? Long lot
8. Survey system used in British colonies? Metes and
   bounds

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• E Page
• Survey system that includes division of land into
  regular pattern of squares or rectangles?
• Wherever a culture group has modified its
  environmental setting this is the result?
• Model that uses graphs of birth death rates to
  illustrate historical trends of population?
• Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service
  dominated economy?
• Relationship between the number of active workers
  in a country (age 15-64) those younger older
  than the worker group?
• Idea that spatial interaction will decline in
  intensity with increasing distance from the
  origin?
• The measure of the increase in total jobs based
  on the ratio between basic employment and total
  employment?
• Industries that provide goods and services to
  areas outside its center?
• In an urban setting, the highest land values are
  found near the city center (or CBD). What is the
  expression of the relationship between land
  values distance from city center?

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1. E Survey system that includes division of land
   into regular pattern of squares or rectangles?
   Township and range
2. Wherever a culture group has modified its
   environmental setting this is the result?
   Cultural landscape
3. Model that uses graphs of birth and death rates
   to illustrate historical trends of population?
   Demographic transition model
4. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service
   dominated economy? Deindustrializtion
   (postindustrial economy)
5. Relationship between the number of active workers
   in a country (15-64) those younger older than
   the worker group? Dependency ratio
6. Concept that spatial interaction will decline in
   intensity with increasing distance from the
   origin? Distance decay
7. The measure of the increase in total jobs based
   on the ratio between basic employment and total
   employment? Multiplier effect
8. Industries that provide goods and services to
   areas outside its center? Basic Industries
9. In an urban setting, the highest land values are
   found near the city center (or CBD). What is the
   expression of the relationship between land
   values and distance from city center? Bid-rent
   curve (usually convex sharp decrease just
   inside city center, declines are lower in areas
   farther from the center as the curve flattens)

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1. F Page Spread of ideas or innovations from a
   point of origin?
2. 2 Diffusion Types?
3. 3 Types of E________ diffusion?
4. Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian
   regions where two crops are grown on the same
   land within the same year?
5. of years it take a population to double?
6. The permanently inhabited portion of the earth?
7. Urban development section outside of a city
   usually along transportation beltways that is
   now self-sufficient?
8. A territory within surrounded by a different
   state?
9. A territory outside of its state or surrounded by
   another state?

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1. F Spread of ideas or innovations from a point
   of origin? Diffusion
2. 2 BasicTypes in ?1? Expansion and Relocation
3. 3 Types of Expansion diffusion? Contagious,
   stimulus, hierarchical
4. Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian
   regions where 2 crops are grown on the same land
   w/in the same year? Double cropping
5. Rate of natural increase divided into 70?
   Doubling time
6. The permanently inhabited portion of the earth?
   Ecumene
7. Urban development outside of a city usually
   along transportation beltways that is now
   self-sufficient? Edge city
8. A territory within and surrounded by a different
   state? Enclave
9. A territory outside of its state, separate from
   the main land area of the state? Exclave

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1. G page 200 nautical miles from a coastal state
   that can be claimed for use of the water and sea
   bottom?
2. Farming that requires a large expanse of land
   unit per land area of production is low?
3. A culture group that is usually small in area
   number very slow to change?
4. Relocated capital city for desire to unify or
   promote growth?
5. Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income
   inner city neighborhoods?
6. Complex integrated computer programs for data
   management display in map form in layers?
7. Rural or natural land sector around many European
   cities which limits urban growth?

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1. G 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that
   can be claimed for use of the water and sea
   bottom? Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go
   to 350 nm if continental shelf)
2. Farming that requires a large expanse of land and
   unit per land area of production is low?
   Extensive agriculture
3. A culture group that is usually small in area and
   number and very slow to change? Folk culture
4. A manufacturing activity that is free to locate
   where it wants to be? Footloose industry
5. Relocated capital city for desire to unify or
   promote growth? Forward Capital (or forward
   thrust capital)
6. Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income
   inner city neighborhoods? Gentrification
7. Complex integrated computer programs for data
   management and display in map form? GIS
8. Rural or natural land sector around many European
   cities which limits urban growth? Greenbelt

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1. H Page Total value of goods services produced
   within a country on a yearly basis divided by
   population?
2. UN ranking of countries based on four measures of
   development? ___?__ And what are these 4
   measures? ___?___
3. Mechanisms that support business operations
   such as roads, railroads, communication systems,
   water, sewer?
4. Part of the economy that is not reported to the
   government or taxed, often illegal?
5. A country without any territory bordering an
   ocean?
6. Language used for communication especially
   between peoples who speak different languages?
7. Program to aid economic development without
   destruction of valuable natural resources? ?

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1. H Total value of gods and services produced
   within a country on a yearly basis divided by
   population? GDP per capita
2. UN ranking of countries based on four measures of
   development? Human Development Index
   (econ., politcal, demographic, social, )
3. Mechanisms that support business operations
   such as roads, railroads, communication systems,
   water, sewer? Infrastructure
4. Part of the economy that is not reported to the
   government or taxed, often illegal? Informal
   sector (EX drugs/drug trafficking)
5. A country without any territory bordering an
   ocean? landlocked
6. Language used for communication especially
   between peoples who speak different languages?
   Lingua franca
7. Program to aid economic development without
   destruction of valuable natural resources?
   Sustainable development

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1. i Page Economic system that promoted
   accumulation of wealth by encouraging exports and
   limiting imports?
2. A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and
   adjacent counties that have at least 50 of their
   population in the metro area?
3. A cohesive grouping of people who share a
   political unit?
4. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such
   as a river or mountain range?
5. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes,
   volcanic eruptions are a few examples?
6. Economic dependency in former colonies despite
   gaining political independence?
7. Number of people divided by the land area?
8. Manufacturing in US owned border factories in
   Mexico?
9. Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher
   elevations in the summer and valleys in winter?
   ?

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1. Pg i Economic system that promoted accumulation
   of wealth by encouraging exports and limiting
   imports? Mercantilism
2. A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and
   adjacent counties that have at least 50 of their
   pop. in the metro area? Metro. statis. area
3. A cohesive grouping of people who share a
   political unit? Nation-state
4. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such
   as a river or mountain range? Natural boundary
5. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes,
   volcanic eruptions are a few examples? Natural
   hazards
6. Econ. depend. in former colonies despite gaining
   polit. independence? Neocolonialism
7. Number of people divided by the land area?
   Population density
8. Manufac. in US owned border factories in Mex.?
   Maquiladoras
9. Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher
   elevations in the summer and valleys in winter?
   Transhumance

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1. J Page 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and
   Canada?
2. Particular business functions that are completed
   outside the organization (hired out)?
3. Large business firms based in developed countries
   that have established factories in other
   countries?
4. Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural
   grasslands?
5. Number of people per unit area of arable or
   cultivable land?
6. Large scale commercial agricultural operations
   typically found in LDCs?
7. View that humans have choices in the way they
   interact with their physical settings the
   antithesis of environmental determinism?
8. Largest city in a country that is more than
   double the size of the next largest city?
   Answers ?

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• J 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and
  Canada? NAFTA
• Particular business functions are completed
  outside the organization? Outsourcing
• Large business firms based in developed countries
  that have established factories in other
  countries? Transnational corp.s (aka
  multinational)
• Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural
  grasslands? Pastoralism
• Number of people per unit area of arable or
  cultivable land? Physiological density
• Large scale commercial agricultural operations
  typically found in LDCs? Plantation
• View that humans have choices in the way they
  interact with their physical settings the
  antithesis of environmental determinism?
  Possibilism
• Largest city in a country that is more than
  double the size of the next largest city?
  Primate city

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1. Page K In relation to migration, slavery would
   be a ____ factor and/or ____ migration.
2. In migration, a good climate would be what kind
   of factor?
3. A physical feature, such as a body of water,
   which hinders migration is an example of ___?___
4. 124,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
5. A system for transferring locations from a globe
   to a flat map is
6. The name given to a portion of Earths surface is
   known as
7. The International Date Line is measured at
   _?_degrees. Is it latitude or longitude?
8. Number of movements from Place A to Place C is
   reduced by the existence of Place B which is
   closer to A?
9. Area of land under foreign control that is
   claimed by another country? EX would be
   CyprusTaiwanKashmir
10. A type of map where lines connect places with
    equal data values (such as elevation,
    temperature)?
11. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of
    territorial waters when two countries are closer
    than 400 nm? ?

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1. K In relation to migration, slavery would be
   a _____factor and/or ____ migration.
   Pull.forced
2. In migration, a good climate would be what kind
   of factor? Pull/voluntary
3. A physical feature, such as a body of water,
   which hinders migration is an example of ____?
   Intervening obstacle
4. 124,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
   Fractional (ratio)
5. A system for transferring locations from a globe
   to a flat map is __? projection
6. The name given to a portion of Earths surface is
   known as a___? toponym
7. The International Date Line is measured at 180
   degrees. Is it latitude or longitude? longitude
8. Number of movements from Place A to Place C is
   reduced by the existence of Place B which is
   closer to A? intervening opportunity
9. Area of land under foreign control that is
   claimed by another country? Irredentism
10. A type of map where lines connect places with
    equal data values (such as elevation,
    temperature)? Isoline maps
11. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of
    territorial waters when two countries are closer
    than 400 nm? Medial line principle

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• Page L What are the other 2 acceptable terms
  for a formal region?
• Diffusion of AIDS is an EX of which type of
  diffusion?
• Culture combines what 3 fundamental elements?
• A cultural groups 3 main values/beliefs?
• The idea that deals the reduction in time it
  takes for something or someone to reach another
  place?
• The world's 5 largest concentrations of people
  in order?
• The number of people per area of arable land?
• Why did Europe N. America go from Stage 1 to
  Stage 2?
• Why did Africa, Latin Amer., Asia go from Stg 1
  to Stg 2?
• The process of legally adding land area to a city
  in the US is ____.
• The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is
  the ____.
• The largest type of urbanized area is _____

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1. Page L What are the other 2 acceptable terms
   for a formal region? Homogeneous uniform
2. Diffusion of AIDS is an EX of which type of
   diffusion? relocation
3. 3 fundamental elements of culture? Values,
   material artifacts, political institutions
4. A cultural groups 3 main values/beliefs?
   Language, religion, ethnicity
5. The idea that deals the reduction in time it
   takes for something or someone to reach another
   place? Space/time compression
6. The world's 5 largest concentrations of people
   in order? E.Asia, S.Asia, W.Europe, SE Asia, NE
   North Amer.
7. The number of people per area of arable land?
   Physiological density
8. Why did Eur. N. Amer. go from Stage 1 to Stage
   2? Industrial revolu.
9. Why Africa, Latin Am., Asia from Stg 1 to Stg
   2? Medical rev.
10. The process of legally adding land area to a city
    in the US is ____. annexation
11. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is
    the ____. Urbanized area
12. The largest type of urbanized area is _____ .
    megalopolis

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1. Page M The circulation area of a newspaper is
   an example of what kind of region?
2. The currently approximate world annual natural
   increase rate?
3. 2 areas of the world with the highest TFRs?
   
4. Area of the world w/ lowest TFRs?
5. Why did Malthus predictions not come true?
6. Neo-Malthusians say what?
7. The most important pull factor for migrants to
   North America ?
8. The most important obstacle to emigration from
   Eastern Europe during the past 50 years?
9. Who are the boat people? (from where to where
   when?)
10. 3 periods of large increase in UN membership?

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1. Page M The circulation area of a newspaper is
   an example of what kind of region? Functional
2. Currently approximate world annual NIR? 1.4
3. 2 areas of the world with the highest TFRs?
   Africa the Middle East (W. Asia)
4. Area of the world w/ lowest TFRs? N-W Europe
5. Why did Malthus predictions not come true?
   Growth of technology (Indus. Rev.) increased food
   production let to lower pop. in areas of
   increasing pop. (MDCs)
6. Neo-Malthusians say what? Struggle will be for
   more than just food are enough resources, just
   not distributed evenly
7. The most important pull factor for migrants to
   North America ? Econ opportunity
8. The most important obstacle to emigration from
   Eastern Europe during the past 50-60 years?
   Communism (USSR, E. Europe, China, N. Korea)
9. Who are the boat people? (from where to where
   when?) Vietnam late 70s- early 80s
10. 3 periods of large increase in UN membership?
    Late 1940s (after WWII) 60s-70s (Africa/Asia
    out of colonialism) 90s (fall of communism)

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• Page N
• Political reasons for migrating falls under which
  type of push factor?
• A man and his family migrate to the USA in 1910.
  Hes most likely from which country? China,
  Mexico, Poland, Sweden
• Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s 1970s
  came from where?
• Most migrants to the USA since the 1980s have
  come from where ?
• Main reason migration to the USA decline during
  the 1920s?
• What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help
  undocumented Mexicans immigrate?
• The largest interregional migration in the USA of
  African-Americans was the ____ in ___ it moved
  ____ to ____
• In a ____ government, power is located centrally,
  decisions come from the central govt.
• In a ____ government, power is more diffused
  among regions and/or ethnicities
• 5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council?

43

• Page N
• Political reasons for migrating falls under
  cultural push factors
• A man and his family migrate to the USA in 1910.
  He is most likely from which of these 4? Poland
  
• Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s 1970s
  came from where? Asia (India, China, Vietnam)
• Most migrants to the United States since the
  1980s have come from where ? Latin America,
  especially Mexico
• Main reason migration to the USA decline during
  the 1920s? Quota laws of 1921 1924 limiting
  ethnicity of migrants
• What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help
  undocumented Mexicans immigrate? Pollero, coyote
• The largest interregional migration in the USA of
  African-Americans was the ____ in ___ it moved
  ____ to ____ Great
  Migration1920s-30s south to north
• In a ____ government, power is located centrally,
  decisions come from the central govt. unitary
• In a __government, power is more diffused among
  regions and/or ethnicities federal
• 5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council?
• USA, Russia, China, France, UK

44

• Page O
• 1. In 19th most of 20th century most
  prominent (most common) type of intraregional
  migration worldwide?
• 2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major
  world religions?
• 3. In 1st half of the 20th century which below
  helped make it easier (facilitated) the
  transportation of beef to global markets?
• canning refrigerated ships airplanes
  hi-speed railways
• 4. Name 2 countries which have a majority
  population of Shiite Muslims.
• 5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority
  Eastern Orthodoxy.
• 6. Which industry below will locate closer to
  raw materials?
• soft-drink bottler brewers nickel
  smelting
• baking auto mfg.

45

• Page O
• 1. In 19th most of 20th century most
  prominent (most
• common) type of intraregional migration
  worldwide?
• Rural to urban
• 2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major
  world religions?
• SW Asia or Mid-East
• 3. In 1st half of the 20th century which below
  helped make it easier (facilitated) the
  transportation of beef to global markets?
• canning refrigerated ships airplanes
  hi-speed railways
• 4. Name 2 countries which have a majority
  population of Shiite Muslims. Iran Iraq
• 5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority
  Eastern Orthodoxy. Greece, Russ., Ukraine,
  Georgia,
• 6. Which industry below will locate closer to
  raw materials?
• soft-drink bottler brewers nickel
  smelting
• baking auto mfg.

46

• Page P Contagious Diffusion
  Cultural Ecology Culture Density
  Diffusion Distance Decay 3 main
  cultural values
• 1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a
  characteristic throughout the population
  process that causes expansion diffusion or the
  spread of a feature from one place to another in
  a snowballing process (gets bigger as it rolls
  along).
• 2. The geographic study of human-environment
  relationships relationship between culture
  environment Important to geographers in
  constructing regions
• 3. The body of customary beliefs. material
  traits, and social forms that together constitute
  the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from
  the Latin word cultus 3 main parts
  language, religion, ethnicity
• 4. The frequency with which something occurs in
  space feature being measured could be people,
  houses, cars, volcanoes, or etcetera. (anything)
  measured in sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres,
  or other unit of area.
• 5. The process by which a characteristic spreads
  across space from one place to another over time
  (b/c of communication technology, new ideas in
  one place diffuse quickly to others)
• 6. Ppl in more than one region may improve
  modify an idea at the same time but in different
  ways
• 7. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/
  increasing distance eventually disappears.

47

• Page P (Rough...need to edit!!!)(
• 1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a
  characteristic throughout the population
  process that causes expansion diffusion or the
  spread of a feature from one place to another in
  a snowballing process (gets bigger as it rolls
  along). Contagious Diffusion
• 2. The geographic study of human-environment
  relationships relationship between culture
  environment Important to geographers in
  constructing regions Cultural Ecology
• 3. The body of customary beliefs. material
  traits, and social forms that together constitute
  the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from
  the Latin word cultus Culture
• 4. main parts language, religion, ethnicity
  3 main cultural values 4. The frequency with
  which something occurs in space feature being
  measured could be people, houses, cars,
  volcanoes, or etcetera. (anything) measured in
  sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit
  of area. Density
• 5. The process by which a characteristic spreads
  across space from one place to another over time
  (b/c of communication technology, new ideas in
  one place diffuse quickly to others) Diffusion
  
• Ppl in more than one region may improve
  modify an idea at the same time but in different
  ways
• 6. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/
  increasing distance eventually disappears.
  Distance Decay

48
Shatterbelt

• Shatter belt - "a region caught between stronger
  colliding external cultural-political forces,
  under persistent stress, often fragmented by
  aggressive rivals."Area hit often with outside
  conflicts and stressesIt has also played the
  role of a cold war buffer zone.EX Southeast
  Asia borders the "giants" of India and China.
  One country of the realm, Myanmar, borders both.
  To the east, the island State of Indonesia
  controls the western half of the island of New
  Guinea, yet the whole island is included in the
  pacific realm.Another EX Eastern Europe
  often invaded, cultural differences

49

• Terms NOT in our book.
• 1. two-pronged, from 2 fork to cause to
  divide into 2 branches or parts, to divide into
  2 branches or parts you can ____ rivers, states,
  regions, govts. bifurcate
• 2. Spread of birth control diffusion of
  fertility control
• 3. Boundary that follows a geological feature,
  such as a river or mountain range? Natural
  boundary
• 4. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes,
  volcanic eruptions are a few examples? Natural
  hazards
• 5. Area of land under foreign control that is
  claimed by another country? Irredentism
• 6. 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that
  can be claimed for use of the water and sea
  bottom? Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go
  to 350 nm if continental shelf)
• 7. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division
  of territorial waters when two countries are
  closer than 400 nm? medial line principle
• 8. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service
  dominated economy? Deindustrializtion
  (postindustrial economy
• 9. The measure of the increase in total jobs
  based on the ratio between basic employment and
  total employment? Multiplier effect
• 10. Streets roads in urban areas that
  wanderare NOT grid patterns, like older
  pre-colonial cities dentritic

50

• 1. In an urban setting, the highest land values
  are found near the city center (or CBD). What is
  the expression of the relationship between land
  values and distance from city center? Bid-rent
  curve (usually convex sharp cost decrease just
  inside city center, declines are lower in areas
  farther from the center as the curve flattens)
• 2. A concept that states than an area will
  specialize in the production of items for which
  it has the greatest economic advantage over other
  areas? Comparative advantage
• 3. Another name for the Neolithic Revolution?
  __?__ About how long ago? __? __ 1st agric.
  Revolution
• 4. The practice of raising harvesting fish
  other water produce? aquaculture
• 5. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore?
  4 dragons or 4 tigersor 4 Asian dragons/tigers
• 6. Division of a region or country into smaller
  administrative units, usually along ethnic lines?
  Devolution ...or Balkanization

51

• ID each persons/event contribution
• Rostow Hoyt
• Christaller Burgess
• Ravenstein Hecateus
• Von Thunen Mackinder Spykman
• Malthus
• Zelinsky Harris Ullman
• Carter/Begin/Sadat
• Samuel Slater
• Karl Marx F. Engels
• Dalai Lama
• Siddhartha
• Joseph Smith
• Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Jakob Ammam
• Aristotle

52

• Rostow (model) 5 things needed for inter.
  trade
• Christaller Central place theory
• Ravenstein (11 laws of migration who migrates
  why)
• Von Thunen (model) agric. distance to city
  (transpor./land cost)
• Malthus food arithme. people
  geomet/exponential
• Zelinsky (Demog.trans/migra2s migrate 1s stay
  2s to 3 4)
• Nicholas Appert canning 1801
• Carter/Begin/Sadat Camp David Accords (Sinai to
  Egy.)
• S. Slater brought textiles to US (late about
  1800) in New Engl.
• Karl Marx F. Engels developed communist theory
• Dalai Lama Tibetan religious leader (former
  state also
• Siddhartha Indian prince who became The
  Buddhathru middle way
• Joseph Smith Founder of Mormonism
• Plessy vs. Ferguson US court case separation
  of races
• Jakob Ammam Moravian leader, led grp to US
  Amish
• Aristotle wrld. round 3 pieces of
  evidence
• Hecateus Gk. 1st geography bk
• Hoyt (ch. 13) developed sector model lo/hi
  class areas
• Burgess developed concentric model for urban
  areas

53

• These models show WHAT?
• Which is which
• model?

54

• What does this model show? What point is it
  trying to make?

55

• Added terms
• Special Economic Zone (SEZs) Open Cities
  Open Coastal Zones areas that encourage
  international investment trade despite
  political differences BEST EX ChinaShanghai
• EEZ (exclusive econ. Zone) UNCLOS
• Entrepot City that is primarily just a port
  area w/o econ. Activity of its own Singapore
  WAS this way about 40 yrs. agobut has changed to
  industry, etc., as an Asian Tiger
• Shatter belt area(s) caught between 2 more
  powerful groups who oppose each other.
• Can be cultural (like linguistic) or
  political (democratic vs. communistic)
• -- "a region caught between stronger colliding
  external cultural-political forces, under
  persistent stress, often fragmented by
  aggressive rivals.
• EX E. Europe played the role of a cold war
  buffer zone.
• Also SE Asia borders the "giants" of India
  China.
• One country in that area, Myanmar, borders both.
• To the east, the island State of Indonesia
  controls the western half of the island of New
  Guinea, yet the whole island is included in the
  pacific realm

56
Heartland (H. MacKinder) vs. Rimland (N. Spykman)
Theory of Geopolitics

• 1904, Halford Mackinder published a theory RE
  political strength in Eurasiaanalyzed the
  strengths weaknesses of the regions
• Concluded the Russian Core areas east of the
  core had potential to become a world power.
• 1919 revised his theory to include E. Europe
  the theory became known as Mackinder's Heartland
  Theory.
• Basically stated - Who rules East Europe
  commands the heartland. - Who rules heartland
  commands the World Island (Eurasia Africa) -
  Who rules the World Island commands the World.
• 1942, Nicholas Spykman countered Mackinder's
  Heartland Theory. Spykman stated that Eurasia's
  Rimland, the coastal areas or buffer zone, is the
  key to controlling the World Island, not the
  heartland.
• Spykman's book, "America's Strategy in World
  Politics" was published during World War II dealt
  w/ political military strength of the USA at
  that time.
• Today we look at the Rimland in terms of its
  economic strength potential, but the book dealt
  w/ primarily military intervention, control
  conquest of the Old World.

57

• enclave exclave (see next slide)
• 1) enclave an area surrounded by an area that
  does not rule it.
• EXs Vatican City Lesotho Gambia
  (actually a penne-enclave b/c it has a small
  outlet to the sea)
• 2) exclaves parts of a national territory
  separated from the main body of the country
• EXs Alaska Kaliningrad (part of Russia
  but on Baltic Sea) former E. Pakistan,
  separated from W. Pakistan

58
Enclaves Exclaves
59
Region outlines Tell about eachCountries ?
Where Ethnicities? Neighbors? Religions?
Languages?
60
Shapes of states? Name each?Geomorphology
61
Peninsulas? Bodies of water? Islands? States?
Regions? Religions? Ethnicities
62
EuropeanRivers
63
Regions Ethnicities? Religions?
64
Region? ID countries? Religions?
65

• Region?
• ID countries? Religions?

66

• Region? ID countries? Religions?

67

• Region? ID countries? Religions?

68

• ID the following (who, what, when, where?)
• NATO 16. SEZs
• UN 17. EEZ
• Warsaw Pact 18. Benelux
• CMSAs
• OPEC
• EU
• COMECON
• BRP
• CDR
• NIR
• TFR
• IMR
• CBR
• GDP/GNP
• CBD

69
Religions Which relates to what religion,
branch, or denomination?

• Ramadan
• Eight-fold Path
• Caste system 4 Noble Truths
• 5 Pillars
• Main in Greece Russia
• Gurus Imam Patriarch
• Deities Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu
• Krishna (hero) Makah (Mecca)
• White cows are sacred (2)
• Hajj Swastika
• Lotus is a symbol (2)
• Mandela Kabbah
• Bible Torah Vedas
  Quran (Koran)

70
NAME that symbol!
71

• Symbols of
• 14 religions
• Clockwise
• from N. Pole
• Baha'i
• Buddhism
• Christianity
• Confucianism
• Hinduism
• Islam
• Jainism
• Judaism
• Shinto
• Sikhism
• Taoism
• Wicca
• Zoroastrianism
• Druidism

72
Religious SymbolsCan you name these now?
73
ID religion
74

• Some good discussion ?s
• Explain demographic transition model.
• Which of the sections of the demographic
  transition model countries are most likely to
  migrate WHY?
• Explain the differences between the major aspects
  of folk culture popular culture
• In order of less specific to most specific,
  organize each of these terms in regards to
  languagesand give Englishs category for each
• a) branch b) family c) group d) subgroup

75

• Explain in detail why Sub-Saharan African
  countries have so many problems with development.
• Discuss the evolution of the modern concept of
  the state.
• 3. A) Women development What is the GDI and
  how does it affect the development level of a
  state?
• B) What are some of the negative aspects of
  globalization on women in LDCs?
• C) What are some of the positive aspects in
  LDCs?

76
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77

• Colonial Powers in Africa