Industrial Expansion

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Industrial Expansion

• United States History
• Mrs. OShea

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Economic Growth

• p. 803 - 805
• Shortage of labor efficient, labor saving
  machinery
• Dramatic changes in productivity
• High tariffs placed on foreign products
• Electric Power
• Transportation improvements
• Communication improvements
• Scientific Process research

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Transcontinental Railroad

• Pacific Railway Act 1862
• Union Pacific and Central Pacific met Promontory
  Point, Utah
• Financed by federal land grants and selling of
  railroad bonds

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Technological Revolution

• Electricity Improvements
• Oil drilling
• Railroads Improvements
• Telegraph
• Telephone
• Steel

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Big Business

• Invention -gt Factories and Marketing -gt
• Inventors needed investors willing to take a
  gamble on a new product.
• Enter
• the businessman

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Social Darwinism

• Charles Darwin survival of the fittest
• Social Darwinism apply Darwins ideas to
  society
• Fit succeed and become rich Employers
• Weak Employees

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• Laissez-Faire let do
• the functions of the state should be limited to
  internal police and foreign protection no
  public education, no limitation of hours of
  labor, no welfare legislation.
• Spencer, who published Social Statistics in 1865,
  also included the Darwinian principle of survival
  of the fittest to his dog-eat-dog ideology
• Does this go along with the ideas behind social
  Darwinism?

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Monopoly vs. Oligopoly

• Oligopoly market dominated by a few large,
  profitable companies
• Examples
• Breakfast Cereals
• Cars
• Monopoly market dominated by one company
• Examples
• Apple
• Microsoft

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Robber Barons or Captains of Industry

• Robber Baron
• cruel and ruthless businessmen who would stop at
  nothing to achieve great wealth
• accused of exploiting workers and forcing
  horrible working conditions and unfair labor
  practices upon them
• Captain of Industry
• ingenious leaders who transformed American
  economy with their business skills
• praised for their philanthropy (charity)

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What do you think?
Captain of Industry
Robber Baron

• Carnegie
• Rockefeller

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• Leaders in Industry

• Positives
• Charity
• Advancements in technology
• Expansion of business () in U.S.

• Negatives
• Exploitation of workers
• Putting others out of business

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Unions

• Became a means for expressing workers demands to
  employers
• Shorter work hours
• Higher wages
• Better working conditions

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Labor Unrest 1870-1900
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• Collective Bargaining negotiate as a group
  (power in numbers)
• Scabs workers called in to replace striking
  workers

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Employers Reactions

1. Forbidding union meetings
2. Firing union organizers
3. Yellow dog contracts I will not participate in
   union activities
4. Refusing collective bargaining
5. Refusing to recognize union representatives

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European Immigrants

• Came through Ellis Island
• 1892-1924 17 million immigrants were processed

http//memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish.h
tml
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Physical and Mental Test
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Asian Immigrants

• Angel Island
• 1910-1940 50,000 Chinese Immigrants

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Tenement Slum Living
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Tenement Life

• Run down buildings
• Overcrowded- An entire family living in one room
  multiple families living on the same floor
• Little light or ventilation
• Horrible sanitation No garbage pick-up no
  plumbing, smelly
• Conditions caused disease that was easily spread

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Dumbbell Tenement
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Triangle Shirtwaist Co. Fire

• 1911- New York City, 10-story building
• Doors locked from the outside
• One fire escape- rusted and collapsed
• Workers jumped to their deaths or perished in the
  smoke and flames
• 146 workers died

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• Against big business or monopolies
• 1, 3, 9
• Effects of distribution of wealth
• 2, 7, 8, 6
• Support of Business Support of Social Darwinism
• 4, 5

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Muckrakers

• Derogatory name earn their livelihood by
  telling scandalous falsehoods about honest men
• Many brought attention to tragic truth
• Living conditions
• Working conditions
• Business Practices
• Child Labor
• Conditions of food processing factories
• Corruption in government
• Prison Conditions

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Federal Reform

• Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act
  (Roosevelt influenced by the Jungle)

• Constitutional Amendments
• 16th Federal income taxes
• 17th Direct election of senators
• 18th Abolition of alcohol

Chicago Meat Inspectors 1906
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City (Municipal) Reformsestablished public
health programsenforced tenement codestook over
utilities services (gas, water,
electricity)provided free kindergarten

• State Reforms
• reformed election process held primary
  elections
• developed workers accident insurance and
  compensation
• abolished child labor
• set minimum wages

• Federal Reforms
• Broke up trusts
• Developed Interstate Commerce Commission
• Pure Food and Drug Act
• Established a Department of Labor
• Established the U.S. Forest Service - set aside
  land for National Parks
• 16th, 17th and 18th Amendments

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Beginnings of the Suffrage Movement

• First formally demanded right to vote at Seneca
  Falls Convention (1848)
• Not allowed to vote
• Husbands had legal power over their wives
• Working women paid only a fraction of what men
  earned
• Women had no means to gain an education since no
  college would accept women students
• Women were robbed of their self-confidence and
  self-respect, and were made totally dependent on
  men

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Anti-Suffrage Movement
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Nineteenth Amendment

• 1920
• Extended the right to vote to women