ANTE TODO

1

• ANTE TODO
• In Spanish, the command forms are used to give
  orders or advice.
• You use tú commands when you want to give an
  order or advice to someone you normally address
  with the familiar tú.
• You use the vosotros commands in parts of Spain
  for giving an order to more than one person you
  normally address with the familiar. (Most Spanish
  speakers use the Uds. plural commands.)

2
Affirmative tú commands

• Infinitive Present tense él / ella
  form Affirmative tú command
• hablar ? habla ? habla (tú)
• guardar ? guarda ? guarda (tú)
• prender ? prende ? prende (tú)
• volver ? vuelve ? vuelve (tú)
• pedir ? pide ? pide (tú)
• imprimir ? imprime ? imprime (tú)
• Note If you include the subject pronoun, which
  is not necessary, it comes after the command.

3

• Affirmative tú commands usually have the same
  form as the él/ella form of the present
  indicative.
• Guarda el documento antes de cerrarlo. (guardar)
• Save the document before closing it.
• Imprime tu tarea para la clase de inglés.
  (imprimir)
• Print your homework for English class.

4

• There are eight irregular affirmative tú commands
  that must be memorized.
• decir ? di
• hacer ? haz
• ir ? ve
• poner ? pon
• salir ? sal
• ser ? sé
• tener ? ten
• venir ? ven
• Sal de aquí ahora mismo! Haz los ejercicios.
• Leave here at once! Do the exercises.

5

• Since ir and ver have the same tú command (ve),
  context will determine the meaning.
• Ve al cibercafé con Yolanda.
• Go to the cybercafé with Yolanda.
• Ve ese programa es muy interesante.
• See that program its very interesting.

6
Negative tú commands

• Infinitive Present tense yo form Negative tú
  command
• hablar ? hablo ? no hables (tú)
• guardar ? guardo ? no guardes (tú)
• prender ? prendo ? no prendas (tú)
• volver ? vuelvo ? no vuelvas (tú)
• pedir ? pido ? no pidas (tú)
• imprimir ? imprimo ? no imprimas (tú)

7

• The negative tú commands are formed by dropping
  the final o of the yo form of the present tense.
  For ar verbs, add es. For er and ir verbs,
  add as. (parar/prender)
• Héctor, no pares el carro en el medio de la
  calle.
• Héctor, dont stop the car in the middle of the
  street.
• No prendas la computadora todavía.
• Dont turn on the computer yet.

8

• Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the same
  irregularity in their negative tú commands.
• These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir,
  hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener,
  traducir, traer, venir, and ver.
• No pongas aquel cederrón en la computadora
  portátil.
• Dont put that CD-ROM in the laptop.
• No conduzcas tan rápido.
• Dont drive so fast.

9

• Note also that stem-changing verbs keep their
  stem changes in negative tú commands.
• No pierdas tu licencia de conducir. (perder)
• Dont lose your drivers license.
• No vuelvas a esa gasolinera. (volver)
• Dont go back to that gas station.
• No repitas las instrucciones. (repetir)
• Dont repeat the instructions.

10

• Verbs ending in car, gar, and zar have a
  spelling change in the negative tú commands.
• sacar ? c ? qu ? no saques
• apagar ? g ? gu ? no apagues
• almorzar ? z ? c ? no almuerces

11

• The following verbs have irregular negative tú
  commands.
• Infinitive Negative tú command
• dar no dés
• estar no estés
• ir no vayas
• saber no sepas
• ser no seas

12

• ATENCIÓN!
• In affirmative commands, reflexive, indirect, and
  direct object pronouns are always attached to the
  end of the verb. In negative commands, these
  pronouns always precede the verb.
• NOTE When more than one pronouns is used, the
  order is always RID. (Indirect before direct,
  reflexive before all.)
• Bórralos. / No los borres.
• Escríbeles un correo electrónico. / No les
  escribas un correo electrónico.

13

• ATENCIÓN!
• When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative
  command that has two or more syllables, an accent
  mark is added to maintain the original stress
• borra ? bórralos
• prende ? préndela
• imprime ? imprímelo

14

• INTÉNTALO! Indica los mandatos (commands)
  familiares afirmativos y negativos de estos
  verbos.
• 1. correr ____ más rápido. No ____ más
  rápido.
• 2. llenar ____ el tanque. No ____ el
  tanque.
• 3. salir ____ ahora. No ____ ahora.
• 4. descargar ____ ese documento. No ____ ese
  documento.
• 5. venir ____ aquí. No ____ aquí.
• 6. levantarse ____ temprano. No ____
  temprano.
• 7. volver ____ pronto. No ____ pronto.
• 8. hacerlo ____ ya. No ____ ahora.

15

• The plural familiar command is the
  vosotros/vosotras command form. (This is not
  included in 11.1 in the text but is being
  included in this lesson.)
• The affirmative vosotros/vosotras command is
  simply formed by taking the r off of the
  infinitive and adding d.
• Hablar Hablad.
• Decir Decid.
• Comer Comed.

16

• However, if the verb is reflexive, take off the
  r of the infinitive and add os. If the verb
  is a reflexive ir verb, accent the i.
• i.e. sentarse to sit Sentaos
• vestirse to get dressed Vestíos

17

• NOT REQUIRED UNTIL WE STUDY
• SUBJUNCTIVE
• The negative vosotros/vosotras command is the
  vosotros of the present subjunctive.
• For ar verbs the ending -éis.
• hablar No habléis. Dont speak.
• cerrar No cerréis. Dont close.
• For er and ir verbs is formed and adding áis.
• Correr No corráis. Dont run.
• Decir No digáis. Dont tell.

18

• Just as with the negative tú commands, reflexive,
  indirect object, and direct object pronouns go
  before the negative vosotros/vosotras commands.
• Sentarse No os sentéis. Dont sit.
• Hacer No lo hagáis. Dont do it.