ANTE TODO

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• ANTE TODO
• In order to talk about activities, you need to
  use verbs. Verbs express actions or states of
  being.
• In English and Spanish, the infinitive is the
  base form of the verb.
• In English, the infinitive is preceded by the
  word to
• to study, to be.
• The infinitive in Spanish is a one-word form and
  can be recognized by its endings ar, er, or
  ir.

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Present tense of estudiar

• estudiar (to study)
• SINGULAR FORMS

yo estudio I study
tú estudias you study (fam.)
Ud. / él / ella estudia you (form.) / he / she studies
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Present tense of estudiar

• estudiar (to study)
• PLURAL FORMS

nosotros/as estudiamos we study
vosotros/as estudiáis you study (fam.)
Uds. / ellos / ellas estudian you (form.) / they study
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Conjugation of ar verbs

• To create the forms of most regular verbs in
  Spanish, you drop the infinitive endings (ar,
  er, ir).
• You then add to the stem the endings that
  correspond to the different subject pronouns.

INFINITIVE VERB STEM CONJUGATED FORM
estudiar ? estudi- ? yo estudio
bailar ? bail- ? tú bailas
trabajar ? trabaj- ? nosotros trabajamos
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Common ar verbs
bailar to dance desayunar to have breakfast
buscar to look for descansar to rest
caminar to walk desear ( inf.) to desire to wish
cantar to sing dibujar to draw
cenar to have dinner enseñar to teach
comprar to buy escuchar to listen (to)
contestar to answer esperar ( inf.) to wait (for) to hope
conversar to converse, to chat estudiar to study
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Common ar verbs
explicar to explain preguntar to ask (a question)
hablar to talk to speak preparar to prepare
llegar to arrive regresar to return
llevar to carry terminar to end to finish
mirar to look (at) to watch tomar to take to drink
necesitar ( inf.) to need trabajar to work
practicar to practice viajar to travel
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• ATENCIÓN!
• The Spanish verbs buscar, escuchar, esperar, and
  mirar do not need to be followed by prepositions
  as they do in English.
• Busco la tarea. Escucho la música.
• Im looking for the homework. Im listening to
  the music.
• Espero el autobús. Miro la pizarra.
• Im waiting for the bus. Im
  looking at the blackboard.

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COMPARE CONTRAST

• Compare the verbs in the English sentences to the
  verb in the Spanish equivalent.
• Paco trabaja en la cafetería.
• 1. Paco works in the cafeteria.
• 2. Paco is working in the cafeteria.
• 3. Paco does work in the cafeteria.
• English uses three sets of forms to talk about
  the present
• 1) the simple present (Paco works),
• 2) the present progressive (Paco is working),
• 3) the emphatic present (Paco does work).
• In Spanish, the simple present can be used in all
  three cases.

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COMPARE CONTRAST

• In both Spanish and English, the present tense is
  also sometimes used to express future action.
• Marina viaja a Madrid mañana.
• 1. Marina travels to Madrid tomorrow.
• 2. Marina will travel to Madrid tomorrow.
• 3. Marina is traveling to Madrid tomorrow.

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• In Spanish, as in English, when two verbs are
  used together with no change of subject, the
  second verb is generally in the infinitive.
• Deseo hablar con don Francisco.
• I want to speak with Don Francisco.
• Necesitamos comprar cuadernos.
• We need to buy notebooks.

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• To make a sentence negative in Spanish, the word
  no is placed before the conjugated verb.
• In this case, no means not.
• Ellos no miran la televisión.
• They dont watch television.
• Alicia no desea bailar ahora.
• Alicia doesnt want to dance now.

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• Spanish speakers often omit subject pronouns
  because the verb endings indicate who the subject
  is.
• In Spanish, subject pronouns are used for
  emphasis, clarification, or contrast.

Clarification / Contrast Qué enseñan ellos?
Ella enseña arte y él enseña física. What do
they teach? She teaches art, and he teaches
physics. Emphasis Quién desea trabajar hoy?
Yo no deseo trabajar hoy. Who wants to work
today? I dont want to work today.
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• INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of
  these verbs.
• (hablar)
• 1. Yo ____ español.
• 2. Ellos ____ español.
• 3. Inés ____ español.
• 4. Nosotras ____ español.
• 5. Tú ____ español.
• 6. Los estudiantes ____ español.
• 7. Usted ____ español.
• 8. Javier y yo ____ español.
• 1 of 3?

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• INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of
  these verbs.
• (trabajar)
• 1. Ustedes ____ mucho.
• 2. Juanita y yo ____ mucho.
• 3. Nuestra profesora ____ mucho.
• 4. Tú ____ mucho.
• 5. Yo ____ mucho.
• 6. Las chicas ____ mucho.
• 7. Él ____ mucho.
• 8. Tú y Álex ____ mucho.
• ?2 of 3?

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• INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of
  these verbs.
• (desear)
• 1. Usted ___ viajar.
• 2. Yo ___ viajar.
• 3. Nosotros ___ viajar.
• 4. Lourdes y Luz ___ viajar.
• 5. Tú ___ viajar.
• 6. Ella ___ viajar.
• 7. Marco y yo ___ viajar.
• 8. Ustedes ___ viajar.
• ?3 of 3