Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 20

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Psychology 304 Brain and BehaviourLecture 20
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The Endocrine System and Development of the
Nervous System
1. What are examples of disorders that result
from excessive or deficient hormone levels?
(continued)
2. What are the phases of prenatal
neurodevelopment?
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By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. describe the causes and symptoms of disorders
associated with endocrine abnormalities.
2. review the process of neural tube development.
3. describe the mechanisms associated with cell
migration.
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What are examples of disorders that result from
excessive or deficient hormone levels? (continued)

• Examples of disorders resulting from endocrine
  abnormalities include the following

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Psychosocial Dwarfism
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Cushings Disease
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Cushings Syndrome
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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What are the phases of prenatal neurodevelopment?

• Prenatal neurodevelopment is marked by a number
  of discrete phases

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1. Development of the neural plate and
neurogenesis.

• Within 1 week of conception, the embryo shows
  three cell layers The ectoderm, mesoderm, and
  endoderm.

• The nervous system develops from the neural
  plate, which is evident 3 weeks after conception.

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Develops into the PNS.
Formation of Neural Tube
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Electron Micrograph of Neural Tube Closure
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Electron Micrograph of Neural Tube Closure
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Neural Tube
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Embryonic Neural Tube Development
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• Once formed, the cells that line the inner
  surface of the neural tubethat is, the
  ventricular zonedivide and proliferate.

• The anterior end of the neural tube ultimately
  develops into the forebrain, midbrain, and
  hindbrain.

• The posterior end of the neural tube ultimately
  develops into spinal cord.

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Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal cord
CNS Development from the Neural Tube
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2. Cell migration

• Once cells have developed in the ventricular
  zone, they migrate to target locations.

• Migration occurs in two directions radial
  migration and tangential migration.

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Directions of Migration
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The Endocrine System and Development of the
Nervous System
1. What are examples of disorders that result
from excessive or deficient hormone levels?
(continued)
2. What are the phases of prenatal
neurodevelopment?