Silvia L. Garzoli and Molly O. Baringer

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Estimates of Meridional Heat Transport in the
South Atlantic Ocean
Silvia L. Garzoli and Molly O.
Baringer Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
(graphic courtesy of R. Lumpkin)
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High Density XBT Lines
17 sections in the South Atlantic
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Time series of the total heat transport (top
panel) at 30S (solid) and 35S (dashed) obtained
from the POCM velocity and temperature fields. In
parenthesis after the mean value of the series,
is the standard deviation. The lower panel is the
climatological annual cycle of the heat transport
(1986-1998) computed from the full time series at
30S (represents 31 of the RMS variance) and at
35S (represents 17 of the RMS variance).
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Table III Results from the analysis of the POCM
model. A Comparison between the results from
direct calculation of the transport using the
model velocities and from the geostrophic method
using the model velocity to determine the
reference level all locations. B Comparison
between the results from direct calculation of
the transport using the model velocities and from
the geostrophic method using with ?? 37.09 kg
m-3 as reference level. C Comparison between
the results from direct calculation of the
transport using the model velocities and from the
geostrophic method using with ?? 37.09 kg m-3 as
reference level and a mean bottom velocity in the
western boundary
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Summary of uncertainties









Error estimates for the heat transport values
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South Atlantic Heat Transport from XBTs
Solid blue line Total heat transport Dashed
black line geostrophic component Dashed red
line Ekman component. All values are in PW (1PW
1015 Watts).
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Variability with latitude
Total (blue) and Geostrophic (red) fluxes.
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(No Transcript)
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Annual cycle of the total heat transport, the
geostrophic heat transport and the Ekman heat
transport.
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US Repeat Hydrography Cruises
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• Objectives
• Data for Model Calibration and Validation
• Carbon system studies
• Changes in anthropogenic carbon inventory
• Transport of carbon, oxygen and nutrients       
• Large scale natural and anthropogenic variability
  of biogeochemical properties 
• Heat and freshwater storage and flux studies
• Divergence of transport-surface fluxes
• Transport of heat and salt
• Storage of heat and freshwater
• Globally changing inventories of heat and
  freshwater
• Deep and shallow water mass and ventilation
  studies
• Changes in subduction and formation rates
• Effective spreading rates
• Pathways of ventilation
• Rates of dilution  
• Water mass ages
• Calibration of autonomous sensors
• ARGO salinity sensors

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Proposed NOAA CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydro cruises
A16N July 2012
A5 July 2011
A13.5 March 2009
P18S Jan 2008
A10 March 2010