Motion can be described as

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TAKS Objective 5
TEK 4A Calculate speed, momentum, acceleration,
work and power in systems such as in the human
body, moving toys and machines.
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For questions with numbers, remember

• Read the question.
• Identify the question word. (What is..., How
  much..., etc.
• Pick a Formula from the chart.
• Solve the problem. Use your CALCULATOR!

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Motion can be described as

• a change in an objects position
• Average velocity (speed) is the change of
  position of an object over time

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4 The diagram represents the total
travel of a teacher on a Saturday. Which part of
the trip is made at the greatest average
speed? F Q G R H S J T
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Acceleration is a change in an object's velocity
(speed or direction)

• When an objects speed is changing with respect
  to time, it is accelerating

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• What was the garbage trucks acceleration between
  1 and 5 seconds?
• A. 1.0 m/s 2
• B. 1.2 m/s 2
• C. 4.0 m/s 2
• D. 6.0 m/s 2

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MOMENTUM
Momentum depends on both velocity and mass of an
object.
For an object moving in a straight line,
momentum is calculated by multiplying an objects
mass by its velocity.
momentum mass x velocity
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Which bike rider has the greatest
momentum? A A 44 kg person riding at 45
km/h B A 60 kg person riding at 35 km/h C
A 68 kg person riding at 25 km/h D A 70 kg
person riding at 15 km/h
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Work

• Work using a force (a push or pull) for a
  certain distance
• The work done by forces on an object changes in
  energy for that object.

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Machines use power

• Power is how fast you do work. If you work
  faster, you use more power.

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• A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a
  12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a garage.
  It took 4.75 s to raise the car. What was the
  power output of the lift?
• A. 489 W
• B. 1815 W
• C. 4796 W
• D. 30,294 W

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Newtons Laws

• 1. Objects at rest tend to stay at rest until
  acted on by an external force. Objects in motion
  tend to stay in motion until acted on by an
  external force, Also known as Inertia.
• 2. Force is equal to mass times acceleration.
• 3. For every action, there is an equal and
  opposite reaction.

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The illustration above shows a student about to
throw a ball while standing on a skateboard.
Which illustration below correctly shows the
skateboards direction of motion after the
student releases the ball?
A B C
D
A
B
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• When the air is released from a balloon, the air
  moves in one direction, and the balloon moves in
  another direction. Which statement does this
  situation best illustrate?
• A. What goes up must come down.
• B. For every action, there is an equal and
  opposite reaction.
• C. The shape and size of an object affect air
  resistance.
• D. The acceleration due to Earths gravity is 9.8
  m/s2.

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• Which of the following is directly proportional
  to an objects mass?
• A. The objects speed
• B. The temperature of the object in the solid
  phase
• C. The amount of time the object moves when
  pushed
• D. The objects inertia

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Conservation Laws

• Conservation of Energy Energy is neither
  created, nor destroyed.
• Conservation of Momentum Momentum is neither
  created, nor destroyed.
• Conservation of Mass Mass is neither created
  nor destroyed.

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• According to the law of conservation of energy
• A energy can both be created and destroyed
• B energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it
  can be changed into different forms
• C energy cannot be created, but can be destroyed
• D energy can be created, but not destroyed

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TAKS Objective 5
TEKS5A-D The student knows the effects of waves
on everyday life.
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2 Basic Types of Waves

• Transverse waves have displacements that are
  perpendicular to the direction of travel.
• Longitudinal waves have displacements parallel to
  the direction of travel.

Frequency How many times a wave repeats itself
in one second.
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Wave Characteristics
Wavelength (l, The length a wave needs to
complete one full cycle)
Amplitude (height, measured from the middle of
the wave to a crest or trough)
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Compressional matter in medium moves in the same
direction as the wave travels aka longitudinal
Like Sound waves
Similarities?
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How do waves differ?
1) Energy 2) Velocity 3) Appearance
TRANSVERSE
vs.
COMPRESSIONAL
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• What does Q and S represent in the diagram?

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• At 0C sound travels through air at a speed of
  330 m/s. If a sound wave is produced with a
  wavelength of 0.10 m, what is the waves
  frequency?
• F 0.0033 Hz
• G 33 Hz
• H 330 Hz
• J 3300 Hz

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• A wave with a 2.2 m wavelength travels 21 m
  to a wall and back again in 8 seconds. What is
  the frequency of the wave?
• A 1.2 Hz
• B 2.2 Hz
• C 5.7 Hz
• D 369.6 Hz

TAKS 5 TEKS IPC 5A
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Wave Phenomena

• Interference Waves add together or cancel each
  other out.
• Resonance One wave causes something else to
  vibrate in a similar manner.
• Doppler Effect Changes in frequency based on
  motion.
• Reflection A wave bounces off something
• Refraction A wave bends because of a change in
  medium.
• Diffraction A wave bends due to interaction
  with an edge (or multiple edges).
• Polarization The direction of vibration of a
  wave.

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H
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1. The diagram above shows waves approaching a
barrier. Which pattern will be formed after the
waves pass through the opening in the
barrier? (A) (B) (C) (D)
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• A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The
  piano player strikes an E key on the piano. The
  guitarist reports that this causes the E string
  on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of
  this phenomenon?
• A Resonance
• B Polarization
• C Reflection
• D Diffraction

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TAKS Objective 5
TEK 6B Investigate and demonstrate the movement
of heat through solids, liquids, and gases by
convection, conduction, and radiation.
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Heat- Transfer of Thermal Energy
Three forms of heating

• 1. Conduction-objects touching (solids)
• 2. Convection- heat transfer through motion of
  currents in a gas or liquid
• 3. Radiation- electromagnetic waves transfer
  heat occurs even in a vacuum (empty space).

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The primary way liquids and gases transmit heat
is by the process of

• F reflection
• G conduction
• H radiation
• J convection

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• Which of these best explains why skin is warmed
  by radiant energy?
• A Sunlight absorbed by the skin increases the
  skins thermal energy.
• B High-frequency radiant energy is composed
  of waves with short wavelengths.
• C Uneven heating produces convection currents
  within the skin.
• D Atoms with loosely held electrons transmit
  heat by conduction.

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• Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids.
  Heat convection does not occur in solids because
  solids are unable to
• A absorb heat by vibrating
• B transfer heat by fluid motion
• C emit radiation by reflecting light
• D exchange heat by direct contact

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TAKS Objective 5
TEK 6F Investigate and compare series and
parallel circuits. 10th GRADE TAKS ONLY slides
36-39.
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Current Flows in Closed Loops

• Current will flow through closed loops.

• No electricity will flow in an incomplete or open
  loop.

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Ohms Law

• Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between
  voltage and current in a circuit.
• Ohm's Law is given by

Resistance (R) is a measure of how difficult it
is to push the charges along.
R
V
I
Voltage (V) can be thought of as the force
pushing electric charges along a conductor
Electric current (I) is the movement of electric
charge in a conductor.
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21 The diagrams above represent two complete
circuits. A 9-V battery is connected to two light
bulbs as shown. Which statement best describes
what can be observed? A One of the lightbulbs in
Circuit A will continue to shine if the other one
goes out. B One of the lightbulbs in Circuit B
will continue to shine if the other one
goes out. C The light from Circuit A will be
dimmer because each light bulb has a direct path
to both poles of the battery. D The light from
Circuit B will be dimmer because each light bulb
must share its current with the other light bulb.