CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
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Scientists assign organisms a two-word name.
(Binomial nomenclature)

• The history of this started with Aristotle over
  2,000 years ago. He grouped plants animals
  together by similar structures.

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The science of naming and classifying organisms
is called

• TAXONOMY

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In the 1750s Swedish biologist, Carolus Linnaeus
invented binomial nomenclature.
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Scientific names must be UNIVERSAL.

• so Latin is used it is a dead language, so it
  does not evolve.

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• Red oak
• Genus
• Quercus
• Scientific name
• Quercus rubra

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The system is a seven level grouping

• 1. Kingdom, contains phyla
• 2. Phylum, contains classes
• 3. Class, contains orders
• 4. Order, contains families
• 5. Family, contains genera
• 6. Genus, contains species
• 7. Species, a group of organisms that can breed

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Memorize this list!!!!!

• Kings play chess on fat guys stomachs.
• Kentucky Plants Can Originate From Good Soil
  (-Marcus Thompson, 2007)

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Honey Bees are classified this way

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Class Insecta
• Order Hymenoptera
• Family Apidae
• Genus Apis
• Species Apis mellifera

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TAXONOMY REVEALS EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

• Convergent evolution means that organisms that
  live in similar environments evolve similar
  features.
• These similar features are called analogous
  characters.

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The evolutionary history of a species is called
it phylogeny.

• Scientists use Cladistics to build phylogenies.
• Cladistics is a system of taxonomy that
  recognizes phylogenies by inferring relationships.

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Cladogram
   
   
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2 SYSTEMS FOR CLASSIFYING LIFE!

• I. 6-KINGDOM SYSTEM
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Protista
• Fungi
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria

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and....

• II. 3-DOMAIN system
• Domain Archaea
• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Eukarya