BORRADOR CAPAS COBERTURA

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Overview on Geo 3D Project Improvement of the
TBM tunneling process by using real time
information
Constantin Radu Gogu Daniel Monfort Violeta
Velasco Jordi Font-Capó Enric Vázquez
Suñe Jesús Carrera
GRUPO HIDROLOGÍA SUBTERRÁNEA (UPC)
UPC, November 6, 2008
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• Content
• - Project goal
• Current trends and situation
• Project overview
• Modeling integrated scheme
• - Conclusions Discussions

Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project goal
Ideal objective
Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by real
time updating of the geological and of the
hydrogeological model, using real time
information concerning the geological materials
and the hydrogeological and deformation behavior
registered during the excavation of the tunnel.
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project goal
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project goal
Idea

• Visualization of the geological model (control
  cabin) continuously updated function of the
  observations and the tunneling process recorded
  parameters
• - excavated material type (granulometry and
  mineralogy),
• hydrogeological parameters (hydraulic
  conductivity, hydraulic head, fluxes)
• mechanical resistance (cohesion, friction angle)
• soil deformation

Advantage - Normal conditions the machine
parameters could have an optimal adjustment -
Identification of problematic zones the
excavated material does not coincide with
predicted
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project goal
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
Existing situation

• study and model the hydrogeological parameters
  the geological information could be really
  improved
• few applications of groundwater behavior related
  to tunneling aspects can be found in the
  literature.
• Hydrogeological parameters are analyzed or
  modeled to study
• ? seepage effects,
• ? pressures to determine the subsidence, tunnel
  ring deformations, longitudinal displacements
  and related consequences.
• Analysis usually is performed to study the
  execution aspects or the tunnel behavior in time
  and less for geology prediction.

Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
How works the tunneling process ?
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
How works the tunneling process ?
Pressures interacting on the tunnel face
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
How works the tunneling process ?
Approximate settlement ranges observed in
tunneling excavated in granular media
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
How works the tunneling process ?
Subsidence produced by the tunnel excavation
(Peck, 1969)
with the transition point i K H, where K -
ground coefficient H Vs volume
of the settlement
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
Study case - Emeriault and Kastinger (2008)

• evolution of pore pressures in two cells
  installed in the tunnel axis
• - located within the tunnel boring machine pass
  (CPI2) and was destroyed during excavation
• located at 0,75 m above the tunnel crown (CPI1).
• homogeneous geology
• (Toulouse molasses hard sandy clay with pockets
  and lenses of very dense sand)
• homogenous geotechnical characteristics
• the average cover ranges between 10 and 20 m
• groundwater table 4 m below ground level.

Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
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Current trends and situation
Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003)
- system using geostatistics to evaluate the
geological conditions ahead and surrounding of
the tunnel face simultaneously with excavation
- relationships between drill energy coefficient
in the region ahead of the face of the tunnel
derived from the drill logging data and the
excavating energy or the rock mass strength
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003)
The amount of energy required to bore a unit
volume of ground drilled energy coefficient Ev
(EN)/(VA) E drill energy per
strike N striking times/sec V
drilling speed A area of cross-section
The rock mass strength sc(F) F/(C1Pe) sc(F)
rock mass strength F thrust
load Pe penetration C1 constant The
excavating energy Qv F/A 2p NTr/(AV) Qv
excavation energy F thrust load A
area of cross-section N cutter
revolutions/min Tr cutter torque V
excavating speed
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003)
Evaluating the geological conditions - made in
three steps - the drill energy coefficient
derived from drill logging at each measuring
location ahead of the face was converted into
excavating energy and rock mass strength based on
a predetermined correlation coefficient
- the spatial distribution of these converted
values was modeled using the mean function and
the covariance function of the spatial structure
- the kriging method was used to estimate the
distributions of the rock mass strength and the
excavating energy of the area ahead of the face.
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Current trends and situation
Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003)
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project overview
Working directions

• data collection a large campaign of geophysical
  and hydrogeological field tests made before,
  during, and after the tunnel excavation
• development a hydrogeological model simulating
  the aquifer behavior during and after the tunnel
  execution
• studying the entire set of parameters provided
  by the tunneling machine during the excavation
  process together with the variables resulted
  during the field tests and the hydrogeological
  models outputs
• design and the development of a 3D geological
  spatial data platform designed to manage spatial
  and temporal data.

Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project overview
Data collection
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project overview
Data collection
Cota (m) Profundidad (m) Cota tubo ranurado (m) Distancia eje túnel (m)
Pou 1 5.50 30 Ranurado hasta cota -24.5 8
Pou 2 5.50 30 Ranurado hasta cota -24.5 8
SPA-1 5.31 30 Entre -20 y -24 8
SPA-2 5.50 30 Entre -20 y -24 8
SPA-3 5.465 15 Entre -4.5 y -8.5 12
SPA-4 5.42 20 Entre -7.5 y 12.5 13
SPA-5 5.34 20 Entre -9.5 y -13.5 13
SPA-6 5.335 15 Entre -4.5 y -8.5 12
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project overview
Data collection
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Project overview
Data collection
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Modeling integrated scheme
3D - Visualization software tests
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Modeling integrated scheme
3D - Visualization software tests
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Modeling integrated scheme
3D - Visualization software tests
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Modeling integrated scheme
3D - Visualization software tests
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Conclusions Discussions
Before the excavation of a tunnel, only surface
exposures and boreholes are usually used to
assess the geology and the lithology. Their
results are extrapolated to the designed tunnel
and its surrounding area.
An accurate hydrogeological analysis provides
trustful information on the geological
characteristics. Because they are time and effort
consuming the hydrogeological assessment
techniques are almost unused in characterizing
the tunneling conditions.
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Conclusions Discussions
Future analyzing and modeling data in tunnel
activity will be taken by software platforms
combining the two software types GIS and CAD.
GIS packages and spatial databases will be used
manage and visualize spatial data and the
geological spatial models are build in dedicated
3D CAD applications.
A prediction model to give fast responses for the
lithological uncertainties in the proximity of
the tunnel face, could be by focusing the
quantification procedure of the soil mass
strength and the excavation energy by using soil
lithological properties. These two parameters
derived from the lithological properties can be
compared with the same parameters derived from
the TBM.
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Conclusions Future work
Data acquisition
General - more complex test site - other
lithological distribution with more contrasted
characteristics - . better.. a problematic
test site
Geophysics - a deeper electric tomography -
seismic tomography - diagraphy
Stratigraphy - accurate and detailed
granulometry
Geotechnics - geotechnical data acquisition and
laboratory tests
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Conclusions Future work
Data acquisition
Tunneling machine data - data machine
parameters with a shorter time step (min)
Soil deformation data - shorter time step -
real time data acquisition system
Excavated material - take more samples on each
excavated section
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Conclusions Future work
Data analysis - this experience was a learning
process - improve data analysis by relating the
recorded parameters (ex. pressure of
injection / hydraulic heads granulometry/ TMB
parameters, etc) - compare soil resistance
(CPTU) with TBM parameters (F,M)
Modeling - model the groundwater flux and soil
deformation - model 3D is necessary -
Geostatistics / ANN (software platform)
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information
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Thank you for your attention !
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Conclusions Discussions
The civil engineers forgot about groundwater !
Not in terms of existence (because it produces a
lot of problems for them)
But in terms of extracting information !
It means by using groundwater data to better
quantify the geological information.
Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process
by using real time information