TRIUMPHS AND TRAVAILS OF JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY

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TRIUMPHS AND TRAVAILS OF JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY

• Chapter 11

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The Jeffersonian Revolution

• Well over 6 feet tall
• Not a good public speaker.
• One of the greatest writers among U.S. Pres.
• A renaissance man
• Incredibly well-read in science and philosophy
• Cont. Congress
• assemblyman
• Gov. of Virginia.
• Author of Dec. of Independence
• Min. to France
• Sec. of State
• Vice Pres.

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Election of 1800

• Adams v. Jefferson again. Close again.
• Aaron Burr runs as Dem.-Rep. Vice President
• Jefferson wins this time, 73 to 65.
• Why do Federalists lose support?
• Election is very personal
• New York is the key swing state. NY delivered to
  Jefferson by Aaron Burr through his connections
  in the state.
• Jefferson strongest in west and south where
  universal white male suffrage (no property
  requirements) had taken hold.

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Election of 1800
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Election of 1800

• Aaron Burr problem.
• Vice Presidential election and electoral college
  before the 12th Amendment
• Tie throws election into House
• Burrs reaction
• What Hamilton does to help Jefferson?
• Why he does it.

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Revolution of 1800

• Election of 1800 arguably the most significant in
  US History.
• Why?

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The Federalist Finale

• Adams was the last Federalist president.
• Federalist as halfway house between European past
  and American present.
• Why cant Federalists appeal to more voters?
• Stayed a party for another 20 years, but cant
  win the presidency.

Federalists, like the dinosaurs, couldnt adapt
and so became extinct
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Jeffersons Political Principles

• Themes of inaugural
• Jeffersons political principles
• Rejected the idea of a political elite.
• Backbone of democracy was the free, independent
  farmer.
• Universal suffrage without regard to property
  ownership.
• Small governmentgovernment governs best when it
  governs least.
• Strict construction of the Constitution.

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Jeffersonian Restraint

• Jeffersons first priority was to undue abuses by
  the Federalists. What does he do?
• Pardoned those convicted under the Alien and
  Sedition Act
• Pushed a new naturalization law (1802) that
  reduced residence requirement back to five years.
• Repealed the excise taxcost US 1 Mill. per year
  in lost revenue.
• reduced the national debt
• What does he do to the core of Hamiltons
  financial program.

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Judiciary Act off 1801

• What did it do
• midnight judges.
• How did Dem.-Rep. view law?
• Dem.-Rep. repealed the Judiciary Act.
• Chief Justice John Marshall
• Shaped American legal tradition and meaning of
  the Constitution more profoundly than any other
  single figure.
• Served as Chief Justice for 34 years

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Marbury v Madison

• Marshalls first and one of his most important
  legacies
• Basic Facts
• Ruling
• Judicial Review
• Consequences

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Jefferson Turns Warrior

• Jefferson attitude and actions toward army and
  navy.
• North African Barbary Pirates
• Shores of Tripoli
• Mosquito fleet

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The Louisiana Godsend

• Spain had gotten Louisiana from France after the
  FI War
• 1800 Spain ceded Louisiana Territory to France
• Why does France want it?
• In 1802 Spain withdrew the right of deposit.
• Farmers reaction? Jeffersons options?
• Jefferson send envoys. Their instructions?
• Napoleon offers to sell the entire territory for
  15 Mill..
• Why?
• Envoys jump at the offer without waiting for
  instructions.

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Louisiana Purchase
Terr. West of Mississippi in Miss. and Mo. River
watershed
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Louisiana In The Long View

• One of the most important events in US History.
• Doubled the size of country and gave us very
  fertile land.
• Increased the momentum of westward expansion.
• Led to the feeling that country was unlimited.
• Planted the seeds of manifest Destinyidea that
  America destined to control entire continent.

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Exploring the Louisiana Purchase and the West
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Hamilton-Burr Duel

• Federalist attitude toward Louisiana Purchase
• Aaron Burr Plot for the secession of New England
• Hamilton-Burr duel in 1804.
• Reason for Duel
• Burr killed Hamilton during the duel, and Burr
  further discredited

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America A Nutcrackered Neutral

• Jefferson reelected in 1804 in a landslide.
  (162-14),
• In his second term forced to deal with the mess
  in Europe and to try to find a way to stay
  neutral.
• Napoleon reignites war in Europe. Brits oppose.
• By 1806 France supreme on Land, Brits supreme on
  seas. Stalemate.
• At first, US shippers get rich trading to both
  sides.

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America A Nutcrackered Neutral

• British Orders in Council in 1806
• Napoleons response?
• Why does US see this as violation of its rights?
• England impresses over 6000 US sailors between
  1608-11.
• Why does England refuse to stop?
• Chesapeake Affair -1807
• Americans outraged and ready for war, but
  Jefferson refuses to pull the trigger. Why?

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Jeffersons Backfiring Embargo

• National Honor required US to do something
• Pros and cons of US options.
• Embargo Act (1807)
• Assumed this would quickly bring England and
  France around.

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Embargo

• Most people HATE it. Why?.
• New England Federalist particularly mad.
• What did they argue?.
• Consequences
• Three times more costly that war would have been.
• Ultimately did help New England factories.

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Non-Intercourse Act

• March 1809, just before Jefferson leaves office,
  Congress repealed the embargo and substituted the
  Non-Intercourse Act
• What did IT require?
• Why embargo failed?
• Non-Intercourse Act did hurt England, and they
  repealed Orders in Council, but too late to avoid
  War of 1812

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James Madison

• Became 4th President in 1809.
• 5-4, 100 lb., weak voice.
• Very distinguished career
• Cont. Congress, Congressman, Const. Convention,
  Sec. of State.
• Not very successful as President. Party broken
  by factions and he was not a strong leader of it.
• Dolly Madison, first true First Lady who acted as
  social hostess.

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Madison Dupe Of Napoleon

• Macons Bill No. 2
• Why it was passed?
• What it said about trade?
• Napoleon tricks Madison into believing France
  would comply. Sets US on course antagonistic to
  England.
• War Hawks
• War Hawks pushing for War against England.
• Why?
• Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

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War Hawks
John C. Calhoun SC
Henry Clay KY
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Battling Indians in the West

• War Hawks believed Brits stirring up Indians in
  the West.
• Kentucky Problem
• Tecumseh and the Profit. Shawnee Brothers
• They began to build a tribal confederacy east of
  the Mississippi.
• Their plan.
• Attacked Settlers in their land.

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Indian Battles

• Nov 1811 General William Henry Harrison (9th
  president) attacked Tecumsehs headquarters at
  Tippecanoe Indiana
• 1814 Andrew Jackson (7th President) crushed Creek
  Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Alabama)
• Significance?

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War of 1812

• June 1812 militant War Hawks get a declaration of
  war from Congress,
• very narrow vote, signaling a dangerous division
  in the country
• Federalists strongly oppose
• Dub it Mr. Madisons War