Road to the Revolution!

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Road to the Revolution!
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King George III

• New King of England during colonial times
• Father died unexpectedly, making him King
• His policies and taxes angered the American
  colonists.
• Suffered from mental illness
• Hallucinations, depression, anxiety and paranoia
• Met wife Charlotte on his
• wedding day
• Happy marriage
• 15 children (9B, 6G)

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Parliament

• Works with the King (or Queen) to make laws for
  England
• (similar to US Congress)
• Two Parts
• Group of elected members from around the country
  (House of Commons)
• Group of nobility who come to power through
  bloodlines(House of Lords)
• Colonies in America were not represented. Their
  voice was not heard in lawmaking

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Background..

• England sent troops to protect the
• colonists in the French and Indian War.
• Parliament wanted the colonists to
• help pay for the war.
• To pay for protection (F and I War), the
  colonists were taxed on Sugar (Sugar Act).
• First time the colonists were taxed to raise
  money
• Colonists were angry!
• Taxation without representation began!

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Taxation without Representation

• Colonists were upset about the tax
• Samuel Adams (cousin of John Adams) led
• boycotts and formed the Sons of Liberty
• early terrorist organization that
• intimidated loyalists
• (people loyal to the King)
• Demanded that the colonists have a voice in
• the English government and that taxation
• without representation is wrong
• In reality, it would be hard for the colonists
• to serve in Parliament due to distance
• Sugar Act was eventually repealed

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Mercantilism

• British economic policy toward the colonies
• Practice of creating and maintaining wealth by
  controlling trade
• Balance of trade- more exports than imports
• Colonies could only trade with England!

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Proclamation of 1763

• What It Was
• Colonists could not settle west of the
  Appalachian Mtns.
• Colonists Reaction
• They felt cheated out of land and some ignored it

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Quartering Act (1765)

• What It Was
• Required colonists to provide housing and
  supplies to British soldiers
• Colonists Reactions
• Felt it was unfair

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Sugar Act (1764)

• What It Was
• Taxed imports, such as sugar, wine, coffee, dyes,
  and cloth
• Colonists Reactions
• Colonists protested

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Stamp Act (1765)

• What It Was
• Taxed most paper goods (cards, newspapers, books,
  pamphlets, legal documents)
• Colonists Reactions
• Open demonstrations, protests, Sons of Liberty,
  boycott British goods

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Townshend Act (1767)

• What It Was
• Taxed lead, glass, tea, paint and paper
• Writs of assistance (allowed tax collectors to
  search for smuggled goods)
• Colonists Reactions
• Immediate protests, riots, boycotts of British
  goods

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Boston Massacre (1770)

• What It Was
• 5 colonists were shot by British soldiers after a
  snowball fight and shouting insults
• Colonists Reactions
• Used it to show the dangers of having British
  troops in colonial towns

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Tea Act (1773)

• What It Was
• Tax on tea
• Colonists Reactions
• Boston Tea Party
• Disguised as Native Americans, colonists dumped
  342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

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Boston Port Act (1774)

• What It Was
• Closed port of Boston until all destroyed tea had
  been paid for
• Colonists Reactions
• Enraged colonists

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• Founding Father
• DOI and Constitution
• Oldest member of Congress
• Writer/Publisher
• Scientist
• Outgoing personality
• Great sense of humor
• Popular with the ladies
• National Hero
• Writer
• Inventor
• Bifocals, lightening pole, stove,
• odometer, Glass Armonica

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Intolerable Acts (1774)

• What It Was
• Closed port of Boston, no town meetings, house
  troops wherever, British officials accused of
  crimes were tried in England
• Colonists Reactions
• Colonists united and formed the First Continental
  Congress

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Currency Act (1764)

• What It Was
• Prohibited colonies from issuing paper money
• Colonists Reactions
• Colonists upset because it was too difficult to
  do business

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Common Sense

• On Jan 10, 1776, a 47 page pamphlet titled Common
  Sense was published in Philadelphia
• Written by Thomas Paine, the 38-year old editor
  of the Pennsylvania Magazine
• Written in everyday language
• Argued for breaking ties with England

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Common Sense

• A monarchy is an unfair form of government
• The people should make the laws
• America is influenced by Europe as a whole, not
  just England
• A small island (England) cannot rule an entire
  continent (America)

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Shot Heard Round the World

• British general Thomas Gage decided to take away
  colonists ammunition in Concord, MA
• On April 9th, the Sons of Liberty gathered near
  Concord in Lexington where they met the British
  troops
• Agreed to not fire unless fired upon
• Suddenly a shot rang out and the war started
• Nobody knows who fired first, but that shot
  became the Shot Heard Round the World.

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Lexington and Concord (1775)

• What It Was
• British troops reach Lexington (battle) and
  Concord (burned courthouse)
• Colonists Reactions
• Minutemen stand against British Beginning of
  REVOLUTIONARY WAR!

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Patriot or Loyalist?

• Your ticket out the door is to decide if you are
  a patriot or a loyalist and explain your decision
  (provide 3 reasons).
• Patriot one who wants independence
• Loyalist one who wants to remain a colony of
  Britain

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Part 2

• The new Americans needed a symbol of
  freedom!
• What is the true story of the American Flag?
• Did Betsy sew it?
• Who cracked the Liberty Bell?

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• Born Feb 22, 1732 in VA
• Cherry Tree not a real event
• Led Virginian troops in French and Indian War
• 1759 married Martha Custis
• General for Continental Army
• Became first US president
• Served two terms
• Wooden and ivory teeth _at_ Smithsonian Museum in
  D.C.

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Redcoats

• British Army
• Led by General Burgoyne, Howe, and Lt. Col.
  Leger Cornwallis later in 1778
• Strategy Control Hudson River Valley and
  therefore, control of New England.
• Hessian soldiers German paid soldiers fought
  for British
• Unprepared for popular uprising
• Overconfident, disunited, uncoordinated
• No allies
• Communication and supply shortages
• 54,000 troops

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Continental Army

• Led by General George Washington
• Unpaid, non-military citizens
• Defending their homes and communities
• Guerrilla warfare home court advantage
• Lots of civilian support
• Military leaders inspired loyalty and patriotism.
• France supplied to help American effort
• 250,000 troops

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Valley Forge

• Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, was the site of the
  camp of the American Continental Army over the
  winter of 17771778
• Good defense but
• Harsh weather, cramped housing, poor clothing,
  lack of food (fire cakes), disease
• 2,000 men died from the conditions

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Battle of Trenton

• As the war continued, in Nov of 1776, British
  General Howe took the last Patriot fort on
  Manhattan Island.
• British were slowly winning the war
• General Howe let his soldiers rest, but Americans
  took this time to get organized.
• General Washington decided to make a surprise
  attack on December 25, 1776 while the British
  troops were celebrating.
• Washington secretly crossed the Delaware River
  into New Jersey and attacked in the morning.
• Impressive victory helped to boost the spirits of
  the patriots.

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Washington Crossing the Delaware What problems
do you see with this picture?
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Battle of Saratoga

• The British were embarrassed by the defeat at
  Trenton.
• British troops wanted take over New England.
• Due to a mistake, the American troops defeated
  British General Burgoyne at Saratoga, NY.
• Who was Benedict Arnold?
• American soldier who helped lead the charge
  against America!

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Importance of Saratoga

• The American victory at Saratoga was a major
  turning point in the War for Independence.
• France enters the war as an ally of the United
  States.
• With the French military assistance America was
  able to tip the balance at Yorktown, Virginia in
  1781 winning America its ultimate victory!
• The war also would reach to nearly every quarter
  of the globe as Spain and the Netherlands would
  become involved.

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Battle of Yorktown

• In early 1781, the war as going badly for the
  patriots (low on money and supplies).
• France supplied troops and supplies in support of
  America
• After weeks of fighting, the patriots wore down
  the British troops with help from the French.
• British General Cornwallis surrendered and the
  British prime minister declared the war was over!

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Surrender at Yorktown
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Treaty of Paris

• Treaty of Paris, ending the war, was signed in
  1783
• England recognized America as an independent
  nation
• Troops are released
• Monetary damages are paid
• Geographical boundaries established

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Now what?

• Articles of Confederation our first
  constitution
• Constitution second document outlining our
  government
• Building a Nation of the People, for the People!

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Battle Map Instructions

• Use textbook page 193
• Label all 13 States
• Label Atlantic Ocean
• Draw and label Appalachian Mountains
• Label (w/date of event)
• Saratoga
• Lexington/ Concord
• Valley Forge (1777)
• Yorktown
• Trenton (map on pg. 198)
• When you are finished staple vocabulary, notes,
  and map together... Study for Monday Quiz!