Regents Review - Ancient Greece

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Final Regents Review GREECE
By Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S.
Chappaqua, NY
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The Geography of Greece
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Archaic Greece 1650 BCE - 700 BCE
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Bronze Age Greece
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Mycenaeans

• First group of Indo-Europeans to settle on the
  Greek Mainland
• Sometime after 1500BC, the Mycenaeans come into
  contact with the Minoan civilization.
• Learn the value of seaborne trade
• Mycenaeans adopt the Minoan form of writing
• Also adopted religious practice

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Crete Minoan Civilization(Palace at Knossos)
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Knossos Minoan Civilization
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Minoan Civilization
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The Mycenaean Civilization
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Dorians

• Not long after Trojan War, Mycenaean civilization
  collapsed
• Far less advanced civilization moved in called
  the Dorians
• Greeks lose the art of writing under the Dorians
  (known as the Dark Age of Greece)

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Homer The Heroic Age
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Homer

• Greeks learned about their history through the
  spoken word.
• Greatest storyteller of all was Homer.

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The Mask of Agamemnon
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"Hellenic" (Classical) Greece 700 BCE - 324 BCE
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Warring City-States

• Polisfundamental political unit (similar to
  city-states of Mesopotamia)
• Acropolisfortified hilltop
• Monarchysingle person rule (king)
• Aristocracyruled by small group of nobles
• Oligarchyruled by a few powerful people
• Tyrantspowerful individuals who gained control
  of a city-states government by appealing to the
  poor for support

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ATHENS Yesterday Today
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Athens builds a limited Democracy

• Democracyrule by the people
• Citizens participate directly in decision making
• Athens emphasized the importance of education,
  learning, and building a strong democracy

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Early Athenian Lawgivers

• Draco
• draconian
• Solon
• Cleisthenes
• created the first democracy!

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Persian Wars 499 BCE 480 BCE
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Persian Wars

• Fought between the Greeks and the Persians
• Led to a new sense of confidence for the Greek
  city-states
• Phalanxmilitary formation would become the most
  powerful fighting force in the ancient world

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Persian Wars Famous Battles

• Marathon (490 BCE)
• 26 miles from Athens
• Thermopylae (480 BCE)
• 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
• Salamis (480 BCE)
• Athenian navy victorious

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Golden Age of Pericles460 BCE 429 BCE
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Great Athenian Philosophers

• Socrates
• Know thyself!
• question everything (examine your beliefs)
  (Socratic Method)
• only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
• Plato
• The Academy
• The Republic ? philosopher-king
• About his vision of a perfectly governed society

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Great Athenian Philosophers

• Aristotle
• The Lyceum
• Golden Mean everything inmoderation.
• Logic.
• Scientific method.
• Most famous students was
• Alexander the Great

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Classical Art

• Sculpture
• Writers
• Architects
• Values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion

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Athens The Arts Sciences

• DRAMA (tragedians)
• Aeschylus
• Sophocles
• Euripides
• THE SCIENCES
• Pythagoras
• Democritus ? all matter made up of
  small atoms.
• Hippocrates ? Father of Medicine

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Phidias Acropolis
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The Acropolis Today
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The Parthenon
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The Agora
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The Classical Greek Ideal
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Olympia
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The Ancient OlympicsAthletes Trainers
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Olympia Temple to Hera
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The 2004 Olympics
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SPARTA
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Sparta

• Focused on developing their military strength and
  power

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SPARTA
Helots ? Messenians enslaved by the
Spartans.
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Peloponnesian Wars

• Fought between Athens and Sparta
• Athens (strong navy)
• Sparta (strong army and better location)
• Leads to the surrender of the Athenian city-state

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Macedonia Under Philip II
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Phillip II

• Leader of Macedonia (kingdom north of Greece)
• Would conquer Greece in 338 BCE

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"Hellenistic" Greece 324 BCE - 100 BCE
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Hellenistic

• Relating to the civilization of Greek world
• Language, art, science, and literature
• From the reign of Alexander the Great

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Alexander the Great
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Alexander the Greats Empire
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Alexander the Great

• King of Macedonia
• Dreamed of taking control of Greece and Persia
• Armies used the phalanx technique to conquer
  Greece but he was killed before he could take
  over Persia

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Alexander the Great in Persia
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The Hellenization of Asia
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Pergamum A Hellenistic City
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Colossus of Rhodes
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The Economy of the Hellenistic World
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Alexandria

• City located in North Africa
• Becomes the foremost center of commerce and
  Hellenistic civilization.

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Hellenistic Philosophers

• Cynics ? Diogenes
• ignore social conventions avoid luxuries.
• citizens of the world.
• live a humble, simple life.
• Epicurians ? Epicurus
• avoid pain seek pleasure.
• all excess leads to pain!
• politics should be avoided.

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Hellenistic Philosophers

• Stoics ? Zeno
• nature is the expansion of divine will.
• concept of natural law.
• get involved in politics, not for personal
  gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good
  of all.
• true happiness is found ingreat achievements.

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Hellenism The Arts Sciences

• Scientists / Mathematicians
• Aristarchus ? heliocentric theory.
• Euclid ? geometry
• Most famous writings are titled the Elements
• Archimedes ? pulley
• Hellenistic Art
• More realistic less ideal than Hellenic art.
• Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

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The Breakup of Alexanders Empire