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The Atom and Periodic Chart

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Title: The Atom and Periodic Chart


1
The Atom and Periodic Chart
  • Chapters 14 and 15

2
Models of the Atom
  • John Dalton
  • Matter is made of atoms
  • Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces
  • All atoms of an element are alike
  • Different elements are made of different atoms

3
Discovering Charged Particles
  • Electron
  • J.J. Thompson discovered the electron in 1897
    using cathode and anode technology
  • Electrons are negatively charged subatomic
    particles
  • Created the plum-pudding model where electrons
    are buried in the nucleus

4
Discovering Charged Particles
  • 1906Ernest Rutherford performed a gold foil
    experiment and found the proton and neutron of
    the atom. He also proposed the presence of a
    nucleus.

5
Models of the Atom
  • Electron Cloud Model
  • Neils Bohr
  • Todays model suggests electrons travel around
    the nucleus of the atom in an electron cloud

6
By the Numbers
7
Subatomic Particles
  • Protonpositively charged subatomic particles
  • Neutronsubatomic particle with no charge
  • Electronnegatively charged particle

8
How do I find
  • Number of Protons
  • Atomic Number
  • Number of Electrons
  • Atomic Number
  • Number of Neutrons
  • Mass Number-Atomic Number

9
Diagramming the Atom
  • Number of Protons (the atomic number) goes in the
    nucleus
  • Number of Neutrons (atomic weight-atomic number)
    goes in the nucleus
  • Electrons go in orbitals
  • 1st orbital2 electrons
  • 2nd orbital8 electrons
  • 3rd orbital8 electrons
  • 4th orbital32 electrons

10
Diagramming the Atom (cont.)
  • See if you can diagram the following
  • Oxygen
  • Potassium
  • Chlorine
  • Calcium

11
The Periodic Chart
12
Mendeleevs Table
  • Dmitri Mendeleev
  • Published the 1st periodic table in 1869
  • Increasing atomic mass instead of atomic number
  • Not all elements were present

13
Todays Periodic Table
  • Todays periodic table is organized by increasing
    atomic number
  • It is organized into periods and groups
  • Period
  • Row on the Periodic Table
  • Properties change gradually and predictably
  • Group
  • Column on the Periodic Table
  • Contains elements that have similar physical or
    chemical properties

14
Todays Periodic Table
15
Todays Periodic Table
  • Divided Into
  • Metals
  • Luster, Conducts Heat and Electricity, Ductile,
    Malleable
  • Nonmetals
  • Not shiny, gases or brittle, not conductive
  • Metalloids
  • Has Properties of metals and nonmetals

16
Element Uses
  • Catalyst
  • A substance that can speed up a chemical reaction
    without changing the products, or end result, of
    a reaction
  • Produces electronics, plastics, medicines
  • Synthetic Elements
  • Elements made in laboratories and nuclear
    reactors
  • Used as fuel, smoke detectors, and medicine
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