Stylized atomic structure

1
Stylized atomic structure
2
periodic chart of the elements
3
C
Hydrogen
Carbon
4
Na
Na
cation
5
Cl-
Cl
anion
6
C
CH4 - methane
4 covalent bonds
7
Na
Cl-
Ionic bond
Sodium chloride
8
H2O - water
Polar covalent
9
-
Hydrogen bonds

-
-


10
Glucose
11
CH2OH
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Glucose glucose
Formation of a disaccharide
12
A short polysaccharide
13
O
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
- O-H
O
O
R - C
R - C
- O-H
- O-H
Generalized fatty acid
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H
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H-O-H
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H-O-H
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H-O-H
H
3 fatty acids
glycerol
Triacylglycerol (triglyceride) 3H2O
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H
H
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H C O P O-
- O
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
R - C
- C-H
-O
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H
H
phospholipid
triacylglycerol
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(No Transcript)
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H
H
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H C O P O-
- O
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
R - C
- C-H
-O
O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
R - C
- C-H
-O
H
H
phospholipid
triacylglycerol
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hydrophilic
hydrophobic
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H
O
H C O P O-
- O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
O
R - C
- C-H
-O
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
H
Representation of a phospholipid
20
water
21
Outside cell membrane
Inside cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer/structure of cell membrane
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O
H -
H - N - C - C
- O -H
- R
Basic amino acid structure
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H-O-H
O
O
H -
H -
H - N - C - C
N - C - C
- O -H
- R
- R
Formation on peptide bond
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Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
A polypeptide
Amino acid
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Primary structure
Protein structure
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Phosphate group
P
C
O
Nitrogenous base
C
C
C
C
Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
Nucleotide structure
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Structure of RNA
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A
T
C
G
C
G
A
T
Structure of DNA