Diapositive 1

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II. JERUSALEM, A CITY TO DIE FOR WHY HAD
VIOLENCE ALWAYS BEEN SO STRONG IN THIS CITY?
Jerusalem, the ending point of all wars... The
place where peace should be enforced... The
cradle of monotheism... Yet, the emblem of
massacres and religious intolerance ? Why?
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HOW IT WORKS When destructions and killings
were perpetrated By who Against who and how
BYZANTINES Emperor Heraclius Massacre of
Jews Forced conversions Expulsions
EGYPTIANS HITTITES MYCENIANS AEGEANS
630 CE
1450 BCE
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
EGYPTIANS HITTITES MYCENIANS AEGEANS
ISRAELITES Israel struggle with god

• PHILISTINES
• Palestinians
•  the invaders from the sea 

ASSYRIANS
1450 BCE
1300 BCE
900 BCE
900-800 BCE
The name Israel derives from the Hebrew
yisra'el, He that fights with God, which in
turn derives from sara, he fights, and El,
God. This is the name that God gave to Jacob
(and all his descendants) after their wrestling
match. Genesis 32 24- And Jacob was left
alone and there wrestled a man with him until
the breaking of the day. 25- And when he saw
that he prevailed not against him, he touched the
hollow of his thigh (fémur) and the hollow of
Jacob's thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled
with him. 26- And he said, Let me go, for the
day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee
go, except thou bless me. 27- And he said unto
him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob. 28-
And he said, Thy name shall be called no more
Jacob, but Israel for as a prince hast thou
power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
ROMANS Titus and 100,000 soldiers sacked
Jerusalem, destroying the Second Temple, leaving
only supporting walls, including the Western
Wall. According to Josephus, the estimated death
toll was 250,000 to 1.1M Ended in the fortress of
Masada ROMANS Last Jewish-Roman war (Bar
Kokhba revolt). ? 580,000 Jews were killed, 50
fortified towns and 985 villages razed Syria
Palaestina city of Aelia Capitolia Jews
expelled from JM until the 4th c.
66 / 73 CE
BABYLONIANS Nebuchadnezzar II invaded and
deported 20,000 Jews (esp. elite group -
Samaritans) Then the 587 BCE riot ? full
destruction of Salomons Temple  1st diaspora 
ROMANS Conquest of Judaea by Pompey, renamed
Palestinaeus, a name given as an insult to the
Jews (the term meant  the land of the
Phillistines )
ROMANS PRIESTS The calvary of Jesus
597 / 587 BCE
63 BCE
33 CE
132 / 136 CE
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
In 635 CE, the region, including Jerusalem, was
conquered by the Arabs and was to remain under
Muslim control for the next 1,300 years Jerusalem
is named Iliya, from the Roman Aelia The
harmonious relations between Muslims and
non-Muslim tolerated peoples (the Madinah
contract, or Pact of Umar) gave place to harder
tensions and violence.
SHAHRBARAZ (Persian ruler) JEWS 10,000s
Christians killed 37,000 deported The Holy
Sepulcher was burnt
BYZANTINES Emperor Heraclius Massacre of
Jews Forced conversions Expulsions
ARAB-MUSLIMS Oubayda and Walid No killing Jews
re-allowed to enter and worship
614-617 CE
630 CE
636 CE
http//www.worldology.com/Iraq/arab_muslim_calipha
te.htm
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
MUSLIMS Omar II Jews are forbidden from praying
on Mount Temple
MUSLIMS Abbasid caliph Haroun
Al-Rashid Executions and tortures before to
deploy tolerance towards pilgrims
MUSLIMS JEWS Killings of Christians Holy
Sepulcher burnt
FATIMIDS, ABBASIDS, BEDOUINS Regular attacks
and slaughters of civilians
720 CE
831 CE
960s CE
10th c CE

• MUSLIMS
• Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim ? the Laws of religious
  differentiation
• After relative tolerance towards the  Peoples of
  the Book ...
• He decreed that the Christians could no longer
  celebrate
• Epiphany (the revelation of baby Jesus God the
  Son as a human being in Jesus Christ by the 3
  Biblical Magi)
• or Easter (Pâques celebrating the resurrection
  of JC on the third day after his crucifixion at
  Calvary)
• He outlawed the use of wine a hardship for both
  Christians and Jews
• ? He ordered that Jews and Christians follow
  ghiyar "the law of differentiation" using a
  black belt and turban. In addition, Jews had to
  wear a wooden calf necklace and Christians an
  iron cross. In the public baths, Jews had to
  replace the calf with a bell
• ? Women of the Ahl al-Kitab (Peoples of the Book)
  had to wear two different colored shoes, one red
  and one black.
• ? On 18 October 1009, al- Hakim ordered the
  destruction of the Holy Sepulcher, apparently
  outraged by the fraud practiced by the monks in
  the "miraculous" Descent of the Holy Fire.
  Processions were prohibited.
• ? A few years later all of the convents and
  churches in the region were said to have been
  destroyed or confiscated

1004-1014 CE
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
PIRATS BEDOUINS Regular attacks 5,000
Christians pilgrims killed in 1064
MUSLIM Seljuq dynasty Captured JM Killed people
of all confessions
CHRISTIAN CRUSADERS Holy massacres... E.g.
1095-1099 crusading armies crossed Europe,
exterminating Jewish communities In 1099 all
inhabitants of JM slaughtered, even women and
children ? beheaded, disemboweled (éventrés),
raped, burnt and buried alive... 1191 Richard
Lionheart besieged the city
11th c CE
1073 CE
1099 13th c CE
''The Normans killed everyone they could find, of
course. The concept of mercy being frequently
devoid in Christianity during the Crusades. The
Muslims, when they retook Jerusalem after a short
siege by Saladin, didn't want to kill everyone.
They wanted slaves. Makes more profits.''
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
MUSLIMS Saladin Recaptured Jerusalem and drove
Crusaders out of it. Massive enslavement
. Christian buildings destroyed
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Frederick II Expulsion of
Jews but Muslims respected (in retaliation, the
papacy will close him the doors of Holy
Sepulcher). Destroyed the citys fortifications
TATARS Barba Khan Raided JM. Slaughter monks
were beheaded and disemboweled on the altar on
the Holy Sepulcher. 2,000 Xan pilgrims
killed. Then regular warlords and bandits
attacked and plundered the city.

• MAMELOUK MUSLIMS
• The Mamluks were originally Muslim soldiers of
  slave origin, from Turkic tribes.
• In 1250, they took the power in many Muslim
  sultanates and exerted fierce dictatorship
  everywhere they could.
• This warrior class aggravated the lot of Xans and
  Jews in JM
• Extermination in 1264 (300 Xans and 2 Jews
  remained alive)
• Regular mystic slaughters
• Dhimmi discriminations
• As a consequence, the city became a nest of
  vipers for its residents. Christian denominations
  struggled for the Holy Sepulcher while taxes on
  pilgrims generated tremendous profits.

1187 CE
1229 CE
1244 1250s CE
1250s ? 1510s
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WHO KILLED AND DESTROYED IN JERUSALEM?
OTTOMAN MUSLIMS Soliman the Magnificent Inferior
ized the Peoples of the Book Jews expelled from
Temple Mount ? cult restricted to a 3m-large
street, dubbed ha-Kotel (the Wall) called
Western or Laments Wall today Franciscans
expelled from the Tomb of David
MUSLIM Rulers mercenaries Jews and
Christians tortured A Portuguese nun burnt
alive Increased taxes on the back of the 20,000
infidels doomed to Hell ARMENIAN MONKS Allied
with Ottomans and tried to get rid off the other
denominations in the Holy Sepulcher
MUSLIMS Husseini families Took control of the
keys of the Holy Sepulcher Extortion of money on
the back of Jews Increased disciminations and
violence Dhimmis forced to kill and bury dead
dogs Christians and Jews were beaten with shoes
CHRISTIANS Priests Greek priests attack
Franciscans with axes
1550s CE
1600s 30s
1700s 1720s CE
1757 CE
Control of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is
divided six ways Franciscans, Greeks, Armenians,
Egyptians, Ethiopians and Syrians
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Monotheism, rather than offering a cosmological
solution, is actually a social and cultural
mechanism by which moral forces and submission to
a higher power are combined, to evoke phalanx
societies, which have a high degree of internal
cooperation, which enables these societies to
survive in crude Darwinian terms, by being more
able to compete with and conquer other societies.
Despite their pretenses to being under the banner
of God, the merciful and compassionate, the
realities are enforcement of moral codes through
splitting the souls of believers between glowing
accounts of heaven and dire penalties, both in
this life and the imagined after-life, for any
transgressor.The clash of the cultures between
the Muslim and the tacitly Judeo-Christian
Western world, although also accused of being
rampantly materialist, exemplifies this
incapacity to heal monotheism into one autonomous
faith, except by conquest and submission, because
of the intrinsic violence of domination and
utopian supremacy implicit in all monotheistic
faiths.
http//madamepickwickartblog.com/2010/04/holy-wars
-frivolous-missions/