LEO-15 Phase II

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LEO-15 Phase II
Scott Glenn Oscar Schofield Scott McLean Many
Others
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A Look Back
If I were to choose a single phrase to
characterize the first century of modern
oceanography, it would be a century of
under-sampling.
Walter Munk, 2000
Walter Munk, SIO
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A Global View from Space Imagers and Altimeters
Passive Imagers for SST Ocean Color
Active Radars for Altimetry
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A Global Array of 3,000 Argo Profiling Floats
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A Coastal Application of Munks 1 1 3
Scenario The New Jersey Continental Shelf

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1993 NSF Proposal LEO-15 Cabled Observatory Goals

• Continuous observations at frequencies from
  seconds to decades.
• Spatial scales of measurement from millimeters to
  kilometers.
• Practically unlimited power and broad bandwidth,
  two-way transmission of data and commands.
• An ability to operate during storms.
• An ability to plug in any type of new sensor,
  including cameras, acoustic imaging systems, and
  chemical sensors and to operate them over the
  Internet.

• Bottom-mounted winches cycling instruments up and
  down in the water, either automatically or on
  command.
• Docking stations for a new generation of
  autonomous (robotic) underwater vehicles (AUVs)
  to download data and repower batteries.
• An ability to assimilate node data into models
  and make three-Dimensional forecasts for the
  oceanic environment.
• Means for making the data available in real-time
  to schools and the public over the Internet.
• Low cost relative to the cost of building and
  maintaining manned above- and below-water systems.

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1996 LEO-15 Cabled Observatory Install
Cable Run
Wet Side
Dry Side
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First Research Theme Sediment Transport
What processes control sediment resuspension,
transport and deposition? What are the transport
pathways across the shelf from rivers to the deep
sea?
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Sediment Transport Results Time Series at Cable
Site
1-D Models Driven By Longterm Observations
3-D Model Provides Hypotheses
Intensive Observations Enable Development of 1-D
Models
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Sediment Transport Results in a Broader
Perspective
Cabled ADCP with Vertical Beam (Gargett)
CODAR Surface Currents
Glider Cross-Shelf Optical Backscatter Sections
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LEO Collaborations Partnerships
HyCODE
radical collocation thematic focused efforts
of Research Institutions
of participating scientists
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
Year
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Science at the ocean surface
What can we see in coastal waters? Why is the
ocean so bright? Optical models and measurements
disagree by a factor of 2-3. This cripples
development of predictive optical models and
hampers remote sensing possibilities.
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Science at the surface interface
Lessons Learned -submicron minerals organically
coated air bubbles important unaccounted
for -bacteria important undefined -predictive
optics is tied to scales of biology (week and
50-100 kilometers). Note this footprint larger
then required for the physics -the radical
collocation effort provides the gold standard
data set for model development
Therefore need shelf scale footprint, need 247
presence, need adaptive interactive capability
satellite measured
In situ data model
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Rutgers Coastal Observatory Provide a
Long-term Shelf-Wide Context for High
Resolution Nested Process Studies
SW06
LaTTE
LEO
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Coastal Ocean Observation Labs Operations
Center Our Ultimate Goal To discover and
communicate critical and exciting science about
our planet for the benefit of society
How? By providing sustained operations of key
observing technologies for scientific research,
technology development, education outreach
CODAR Network
Cable
Glider Fleet
X-Band
L-Band
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Hypoxia/Anoxia in MAB
?
Warsh NOAA 1989
Three southern zones, rivers? NO One northern,
bottom topography? NO
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247 Observatory data fed to the sea going
scientists
Unknown recirculation leads to depocenters and
low DO
Low DO and particles scavenge metals
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Freshwater Plume Moves Out Across the Shelf
Hudson Shelf Valley
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LaTTE 2005 -After luring the Cape Hatteras
offshore.
The survey began on the Highway. We were near
the glider when it surfaced. We saw currents
ripping southward in a 10 m thick layer of
freshwater along the highway -- perhaps the most
significant freshwater transport we saw all
week. Perhaps the most perplexing to me
is the Highway and why there has been a lack of
a strong coastally trapped flow this week.
--- Bob Chant aboard the Cape Hatteras, April
21, 2005
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Freshwater Plume Moves Out Across the Shelf
Water Mass Boundaries (Oliver et al.,
2004) April 13, 2005
-NJ highway transports carbon, fish larvae, etc.
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Why do we need a cable given the importance of
spatial data for the water column
oceanography? How would the cable become a more
widely used asset? Is it worth the pain?
Yes, BUT..
Scientists need to have control of the system.
Their metric of the success is different then
operators. The scientists needs will evolve as
the system matures, flexibility to tackle the new
science hurdles are key to making it an organic
evolving system of expanding intellectual
utility(that was for John Delaney)
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One short term goal is to make our cables be the
central place to getting new sensors out into the
sea easily for testing and validation Key easy,
fast, user friendly
Hyperspectral optics
Immunoassays
New bio-probes
Holography Imaging Systems
Multifrequency acoustics
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10-Year Cabled Observatory Upgrade Requirements -
2004
1. Focus the upgrades on Node A while keeping
node B running on the old system, making use of
as much of the existing infrastructure, including
the cable, as possible. 2. Further modularize
hardware to improve reliability and
serviceability. 3. Specifically separate the
winched system as an independent and easily
recoverable, serviceable and ultimately
replaceable unit. 4. Update the communication
standards to a post-WWW environment. 5. Improve
power control to individual sensors and systems.
6. Provide a larger number of simpler
interfaces between new sensors and the permanent
infrastructure. 7. Increase the video
capabilities to allow for more cameras and
improved control and recording. 8. Provide
upgradeable control software with a support
group. 9. Provide a means for moving the cable
control interface from the cable landing site to
an offsite control center. 10. Provide a
shore-based simulator to test sensors before
deployment.
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LEO Phase II Operational in January 2006
Wave Height
Wave Period
Tidal Elevation
DACNet Server (shore)
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Where are we going?
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Middle Atlantic Bight Response to Climate Change?
G
Global Forcing
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TRADITIONAL INTERN EXPERIENCES
TRADITIONAL SCIENCE
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International Partnerships in Operational
Oceanography Education
3-Year Vetlesen Fellowship in Rutgers Masters
Program. Priority given to a Norwegian Student
starting July, 2006.
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New Undergraduate Programs -Teaching the
teachers to provide us the next generation of
scientifically literate leaders who are
comfortable with data, exploration, and prepared
to help develop policy.
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Conclusions -Observatories? Go cheap go
distributed -Products? Make maps -Funding
Justification? Save live, save money, understand
the changes on Earth -Whats missing? The
trained people -The solution? Education at
multiple levels -Science themes critical to
achieving critical mass -Funding mechanisms to
allow people to use the data collected by all
have salary
Every day, the ocean changes colour or rather,
it passes though a variety of hues between the
morning, noon and night of a single day. The
subtle shapes of clouds, the glittering light of
the sun, and the shifts in atmospheric pressure
tint the sea with deep tones, cheerful tomes,
plaintive tones that would cause any painter to
pause in wonder. from The Samurai by Shusaku
Endo (1980)
I walk into our control room, with its panoply
of views of the sea. There are the updated global
pictures from the remote sensors on satellites,
there the evolving maps of subsurface variables,
there the charts that show the position and
status of all our Slocum scientific platforms,
and I am satisfied that we are looking at the
ocean more intensely and more deeply than anyone
anywhere else. Henry Stommel, The SLOCCUM
Mission, 1989