AMPHIBIANS

1
AMPHIBIANS

• HOLT BIOLOGY
• CH. 30
• Pg. 739-750

2
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)

3
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS

4
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION

5
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART

6
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• CUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATION
• Live on land, but must stay close to water

7
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land

8
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land
• Good sense of hearing and sight

9
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land
• Good sense of hearing and sight
• Hunting

10
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land
• Good sense of hearing and sight
• Hunting
• Avoid predators

11
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land
• Good sense of hearing and sight
• Hunting
• Avoid predators
• Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING MEMBRANE)

12
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on
  land
• Good sense of hearing and sight
• Hunting
• Avoid predators
• Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING
  MEMBRANE)
• Inner ear detects sound transmitted through
  TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through fluid,
  tiny sensitive hairs then to nerves

13
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from

14
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin

15
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs

16
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth

17
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS

18
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills

19
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills
• Most adults breathe with lungs

20
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills
• Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen
  and carbon dioxide

21
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills
• Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen
  and carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)

22
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills
• Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen
  and carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw
  to force waste gas out

23
RESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from
• Skin
• Lungs
• Mouth
• LUNGS
• Larval state has gills
• Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen
  and carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw
  to force waste gas out
• 20 times more oxygen than water

24
RESPIRATION

• SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)

25
RESPIRATION

• SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist

26
RESPIRATION

• SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist
• Gases passed right through skin

27
RESPIRATION

• SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist
• Gases passed right through skin
• Mucous glands help keep skin moist

28
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish

29
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART

30
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart

31
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
• Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor) in
  VENTRICLES

32
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
• Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor) in
  VENTRICLES
• SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM

33
CIRCULATION

• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
• Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor) in
  VENTRICLES
• SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM
• Ventricle contracts and sends blood to vessels of
  rest of body

34
CIRCULATION

• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION

35
CIRCULATION

• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
• See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)

36
CIRCULATION

• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
• See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
• PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood from
  lungs to heart

37
CIRCULATION

• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
• See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
• PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood from
  lungs to heart
• Second loop carries oxygen rich blood from heart
  to body

38
CIRCULATION

• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
• See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
• PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood from
  lungs to heart
• Second loop carries oxygen rich blood from heart
  to body
• High pressure

39
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS

• 3 main groups

40
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS

• 3 main groups
• SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)

41
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS

• 3 main groups
• SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
• CAECILLIAN (no legs)

42
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS

• 3 main groups
• SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
• CAECILLIAN (no legs)
• FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)

43
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail

44
MUDPUPPY
45
NEWT
46
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin

47
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species

48
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist

49
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night

50
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey

51
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areas

52
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areas
• External fertilization

53
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areas
• External fertilization
• Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self

54
SALAMANDERS

• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areas
• External fertilization
• Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self
• Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)

55
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)

56
CAECILLIAN
57
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin

58
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike

59
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind

60
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)

61
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey

62
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey
• Male deposits sperm packet into female

63
CAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey
• Male deposits sperm packet into female
• Female guards eggs until hatched

64
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)

65
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)

66
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue

67
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)

68
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power

69
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin

70
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally

71
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally
• TADPOLES hatch from eggs

72
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally
• TADPOLES hatch from eggs
• Have gills for breathing

73
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally
• TADPOLES hatch from eggs
• Have gills for breathing
• Eat algae

74
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally
• TADPOLES hatch from eggs
• Have gills for breathing
• Eat algae
• Hind legs develop

75
FROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
• Muscular legs for power
• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
• Male fertilizes eggs externally
• TADPOLES hatch from eggs
• Have gills for breathing
• Eat algae
• Hind legs develop
• METAMORPHOSIS