Fishes and Amphibians

1
Fishes and Amphibians

• Chapter 30
• Biology
• Auburn High School
• Pgs. 816 837

2
30.1 Fishes

• Pg. 817 826

3
Characteristics of Fishes

• Notochord Gill slits
• Muscle blocks
• Dorsal hollow nerve chord
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Have scales
• Cartilaginous and bony fish
• Coelomate w/ endoskeleton
• Vertebrates
• Most have external fertilization
• Sexual w/ different sexes

4
Characteristics of Fishes

• Closed circulatory system
• 2 chambered heart
• Nervous system
• complex brain sense organs
• Efficient respiratory system
• Breath w/ gills
• 3 classes of fish

5
Class Agnatha

• Jawless fish
• Lampreys and hagfish
• Feeding
• Parasitic (lampreys)- use sucker-like mouths to
  attach to prey and scrap prey and suck out the
  blood
• Feed by drilling a hole (slit-like toothed mouth)
  into dead or dying fish and sucking their blood
  (hagfish)

6
Class Agnatha

• Locomotion
• Move in a snake-like pattern
• No fins
• Have no scales

7
Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilaginous fish
• Sharks, skates and rays
• Feeding
• Predators
• Typically feed on or near the ocean floor
• Skeleton composed completely of cartilage
• Paired fins that aid in locomotion
• Lateral line system used to sense their
  environment
• Have a jaw

8
Class Chondrichthyes

• Rays (characteristics)
• Flat bodies w/ broad pectoral fins on side
• Move by flapping fins up and down
• Eat mollusk and crustaceans
• Adaptations
• Sharp spines w/ poison glands located on the tail
• Some can produce electricity

9
Class Osteichthyes

• Bony fish
• All other fish
  (i.e. bass, crappie, catfish, etc.)
• Have backbone composed of separate hard segments
  called vertebra
• Provides support and flexibility
• Paired fins - locomotion
• Lateral line system
• Have scales
• Swim bladder - functions in buoyancy

10
30.2 Amphibians

• Pg. 827 833

11
Characteristics of Amphibians

• Class Amphibia
• Means double-life
• completely aquatic larvae
• Air breathing semi terrestrial
• External fertilization
• Eggs lack protective membrane and shells
• Adults have 3 chambered heart
• Exchange gasses through skin
• Undergo metamorphosis

12
Characteristics of Amphibians

• Ectotherms (cold blooded)
• Temperature changes with environment
• 3 orders
• Caudata (salamanders and newts)
• Long slender body w/ neck and tail
• Smooth moist skin that lack claws
• Live entirely in water
• Carnivorous
• Legs are set at right angles to the body

13
Characteristics of Amphibians

• 3 orders (continued)
• Anura (frogs and toads)
• Long hind legs w/ smooth moist skin (frogs)
• Short legs w/ bumpy dry skin (toads)
• Eat insects
• Some secrete chemicals through skin
• Have vocal chords
• Apoda (legless caecilians)
• No limbs w/ short or no tail
• Small eyes that are often blind
• Eat earthworms and other invertebrates found in
  soil