Title: Amphibians
1Amphibians Reptiles
2Discuss the major characteristics of
amphibians and reptiles. Discuss the major
groups of amphibians and reptiles used for pets.
p. 234
3Amphibian groups 1. Live the larval part of
their life in water, but the adult part is either
entirely or partially on land.
4Salamander Larvae
52. Amphibians are cold blooded animals that do
not have scales, but have thin, moist skin that
allows them to breathe through the skin by
osmosis.
63. Amphibians usually need to stay in a moist
environment (depending on skin thickness).
74. Do not have teeth, but crush their prey with
their jaws and swallow it whole. -
Smaller species live off insects, but larger
species can feed on mice and small rodents.
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9Tree frog eating a bat!
105. Skin produces a mucus that regulates the
moisture and produces a toxin that serves
as protection against predators. Some frogs
produce toxins that can be deadly to humans.
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126. Three orders of Amphibians a. Gymnophiona
caecilians that are worm-like, rarely seen
13b. Caudara newts and salamanders c. Salientia
frogs and toads
147. Newts and salamanders vary considerably among
the nine families. They range in size from a few
inches to 5 feet. They usually have long tails
and four legs. Examples are
15Hellbender a salamander that may reach 1 ½
feet in length and lives in fast moving mountain
streams of the Central and Eastern United States.
16hellbender
17http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZQapVOPQmvc
18Japanese giant salamander May reach 5 feet and
weigh 200 pounds.
19Japanese Giant
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21Spotted and Tiger salamander Commonly called
mole salamanders, these salamanders burrow in
decaying, damp soil and usually smaller than 10 "
long.
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24Newts spend most of their time in water because
of their thin skin. They are able to regenerate
damaged parts of their body.
25Red spotted newt
26Congo eel Amphibians with tapered heads and
rounded, long bodies ranging in size from 18" to
46". Inhabit swamps and muddy water of the
southern U.S..
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29Mud puppies have rather a broad, flattened head.
Their bodies may reach 18 long and taper to a
flattened tail.
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32Red salamander also called the lungless
salamander as it absorbs oxygen directly through
blood vessels in its skin and throat.
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34Siren is an eel-like amphibian that lives in
freshwater. They are distinctive in that they
have no rear legs.
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36B. Frogs and toads- have 4 legs and no tail.
371. Frogs have slender bodies and longer legs that
allow them to jump much farther than toads.
38http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuTJAsZP2iLk
39In addition, frogs skin is usually more moist
and they make croaking sounds that toads do not
make.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfuXjNuKV_RY
40a. True frogs range in size from 1/2" to 14"
long. The American Bullfrog and Green Frog are in
this group. They are excellent jumpers and
swimmers.
41Bullfrog
42Green frog
43http//www.youtube.com/watch?v1hAUWw7L3BY
442. Toads have dry skin and a rough
appearance. They often emit a poison from their
skin that irritates the mouth of would be
predators.
45a. American Toad common to the eastern United
States.
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48- b. Green Tree Frog- yellow green frog with a
yellow stripe running from its lower jaw back
along its side.
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51Red eyed tree frog
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54PAGE 235
C. Reptiles
551. There are four orders of reptiles which
include a. Turtles and tortoises May walk on
land, but are excellent swimmers as well.
56b. Snakes Have no legs and move by undulating
movement. Snakes do not have eyelids and cannot
close their eyes, but have a transparent layer
called brille that covers the eyes.
57See the Brille?
58- Characteristics common to all snakes
- forked tongue
- carnivore lifestyle
- limbless body
- cylindrical shape
- extremely flexible
- scaly skin
- cold blooded
59They have only one fully functional lung it is
one-third the length of the snake.
60They have no urinary bladder instead they
excrete through the cloaca, along with solid
waste, a pasty yellow substance called uric acid.
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62Snakes have skin embedded with scales. The
scales are made of keratin, the same substance
fingernails are made of.
63The purpose of scales serve is to protect the
snake's skin, enable serpentile locomotion, and
minimize water loss.
64c. Iguanas and lizards Have long tails, 4 legs,
moveable eyelids, and ear openings.
65d. Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharials
Can lift its body off the ground when moving.
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67Caimans are found primarily in Central and South
America. There are many types of caiman, the most
"popular" being the spectacled caiman (Caiman
sclerops).
68Dwarf Caiman- Common in pet industry
69Crocodiles can be found all over the world, here
in the United States we have one type of
crocodile, the American Crocodile (crocodylus
acutus). Reach lengths up to 20 feet!
70Croc-long tapered snout
71What is the difference?
crocodile
alligator
- Different families
- Jaw shape alligators have wide U shaped jaw
- Placement of teeth alligators have wider upper
jaws and overlap the bottom jaw
alligator
crocodile
722. Some examples of turtles and tortoises
include a. Musk turtles so named because of the
strong odor smell they give off.
73All musk turtles have 2 pairs of musk glands
beneath the border of the carapace.
74musk
75b. Yellow-bellied turtle- Dark green turtle with
yellow plastron and yellow markings behind the
eyes. Reaches 9 to 12 inches in length.
76- The plastron is the nearly flat part of the shell
structure of a turtle or tortoise, what one would
call the belly
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79Yellow bellied SLIDER
80c. Red-bellied turtle Reach 9 to 15 inches long
and have a reddish-colored plastron.
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82- d. Painted turtles
- Brightly colored turtles.
83Painted turtle
84Painted plastron
85e. Common Box Turtle Rarely enter the water
over a few inches deep. Adults are usually 4 to 5
inches in length and may live 50 years.
86Box turtle
87Why is a box turtle called such? A hinge in the
middle of the plastron allows them to tightly
lock their head, limbs, and tail inside their
shells, forming a "box".
88Female tortoise is flat, male tortoise is concave
89WOW! Alligator snapping turtlehttp//www.youtube
.com/watch?vrIeL0g8GpXM
90Soft shell turtle
- Some species can grow up to 6 feet in length and
weigh more than 110 pounds - Rubbery skin with ribs fused together to form a
protective layer over its internal organs. - Spends 95 percent of its life hidden in sand or
mud with only its eyes and nose showing.
91Tortoise
- Land dwelling, no water terrestrial
- Carapace is more high and dome-like
- Heavily scaled limbs
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93Galapogos tortoise
94Male tortoises have extended plastrons