Project Splash:

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Project Splash
Photo courtesy of http//www.biopsychiatry.com/nic
otine/freebase-nicotine.html

• Facts for Native Hawaiians about Smoking and
  Pregnancy

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Smoking During Pregnancy

• Fetuses (unborn babies) of women who smoke during
  their pregnancies get less food than those of
  pregnant non-smokers.
• Pregnant woman who smoke also raises the level of
  carbon monoxide in your bloodstream, which
  reduces oxygen to your fetus. Also, nicotine
  constricts the blood vessels on your side of the
  placenta, which means oxygen is passed over less
  effectively to your baby.

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...Continued

• Chemicals reach the fetus
• Affects brain development
• Rate of infant deaths is higher among full and
  part Native Hawaiians than among any other ethnic
  group in the state.
• Smoking during pregnancy also increases the risk
  of problems that include

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Premature Birth

• Premature birth is when a baby is born to a
  mother who had been pregnant 37 weeks or less
• In 2000, 4.7 of births were premature for Native
  Hawaiians
• Smoke in cigarettes is an important cause of
  premature births

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Low Birth Weight

• Babies born to pregnant mothers who smoke usually
  weigh less
• Are smaller because they have not fully developed
• Is a major factor for complications and health
  problems later in infancy and childhood
• In 1996, 63.7 out of 1000 infants from Native
  Hawaiian mothers were born at a low birth weight
• In 1996, 66.9 out of 1000 infants were born at a
  low birth weight statewide

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Learning Disabilities

• More behavioral problems than children of
  non-smokers
• Lower ability to succeed in school
• 160 increase in the risk of your child having
  behavioral problems

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

• SIDS is the sudden and unexpected death of an
  apparently healthy infant
• Leading cause of death for children one month to
  one year of age
• Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and
  after birth is one of the major risk factors

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Additional Problems

• Autism
• Asthma
• Stillbirth
• Clubfoot
• Ear infections
• Middle ear disease
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Respiratory infections
• Colic or excessive crying
• Nicotine withdrawal at birth
• Abnormal lung development
• Oral clefts in the lip and/or palate
• Optic nerve hypoplasia and visual impairment

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Continued

• Placental abruption and placenta previa
• 50 greater chance of mental retardation (I.Q.
  less than 70)
• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Increased lifetime testosterone levels for your
  unborn daughter -
• Diminished future fertility (fewer eggs) for your
  unborn daughter
• Diminished future sperm count (48 lower) for
  your unborn son
• Brain damage to serotonin neurons and possible
  lifetime depression
• An average of over 700 in extra neonatal costs
  per smoking mother

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If Smoking is Stopped During Pregnancy

• Your baby is less likely to be born before he/she
  is ready
• Less likely to have breathing problems
• Will be able to resist infection better
• A reduced risk of cot death, infection and
  chronic conditions such as asthma

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Ke Ala Pono and Smoking During Pregnancy
Connection

• Malama If one is pregnant, they should take care
  of themselves so that they are able to care for
  their child, born or unborn. Smoking during
  pregnancy, or at any time at all, is not
  acceptable because smoking does nothing positive
  for your life. It is an addiction that can cause
  problems and even death for you or your child.

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Ke Ala Pono and Smoking During Pregnancy
Connection

• Imiike It is the responsibility those who are
  pregnant not to smoke. They should learn what it
  does to themselves and their baby so theyll be
  able to better themselves and their addiction.
  They should look to family and friends for
  support to help them through this challenging
  time.

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Ke Ala Pono and Smoking During Pregnancy
Connection

• Hoihi Respect for themselves is what will carry
  those who are pregnant and want to quit smoking
  to raise a healthy child. They must respect
  their bodies and understand that the only thing
  stopping them from living a healthy and better
  lifestyle is themselves.

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Mothers Who Smoked During Pregnancy by Ethnicity
of Mother (2000)
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Conclusion

• Smoking during pregnancy can cause dramatic
  problems for you and your child.
• These problems can be both short- and
  long-lasting.
• The percentage of Hawaiian mothers who smoke
  during pregnancy is greater than five other
  ethnicities.
• If you malama yourself and your child, take
  kuleana for yourself and your child, and respect
  your body, you are a giant step closer to being
  healthy and having a healthy baby.
• Think about what you are doing when you are
  smoking, especially when you are pregnant. Think
  of who you are hurting. Think about how smoking
  affects your life and the lives of those you love.

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Bibliography

• 'Crack' nicotine in cigarettes varies widely.
  Gaia Vince. 28 July 2003. 12 March 2004.
  lthttp//www.biopsychiatry.com/nicotine/freebase-ni
  cotine.htmlgt.
• Project Splash Packet. Courtesy of University of
  Hawaii/Cancer Research Center.
• Ready Steady Baby! Health Scotland. 15 March
  2004. ltwww.hebs.com/tobaccogt.
• Smoking While Pregnant or Breastfeeding. John R.
  Polito, Nicotine Cessation Counselor. 26 October
  2003. 15 March 2004. lthttp//whyquit.com/whyquit/L
  inksBirth.htmlgt.