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Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal
for Flight Test Risk Assessments
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• Objective
• Propose an alternative method to evaluate Flight
  Test Point Execution during Risk Assessments

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Agenda

• Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
• Cooper Harper Application to Test Point
  Execution
• Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

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Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
System Failure
Flight Envelope
Test Point Execution
Greater of All Three
Final Risk Classification
OBS Each one of them are analyzed separately and
considered mutually exclusive.
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Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
Final Risk Classification
Minimizing Risk Procedures
Mitigation Procedures
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Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
Methodology came from past experience and was
based on the FAA and ANAC (Brazilian
Certification Authority) approved Risk Assessment
Methodology Nowadays, at Embraer, the CH is
used to evaluate TPE Risk along with Three Flags
Scale Focused on TPE point of view only
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Agenda

• Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
• Cooper Harper Application to Test Point
  Execution
• Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

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Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution
Risk

• According to the Methodology

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Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution
Risk

• Few more points to take into account
• Cooper-Harper scale is intended to evaluate the
  Flying Qualities of an aircraft for a specific
  MISSION.
• Cooper-Harper scale is supposed to be applied to
  a defined TASK. This task should define what is
  DESIRABLE and ADEQUATE flying performance. The CH
  rate is obtained AFTER the maneuver is done by
  the test pilot.
• A high Cooper Harper grade DO NOT necessarily
  mean a HIGH Risk maneuver.

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Agenda

• Risk Assessment Present Day Concept
• Cooper Harper Application to Test Point
  Execution
• Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

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Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

1. Alternative way to go
2. Participation of several test pilots and FTEs
3. Focus on what a test pilot should consider
4. DETECT if certain risks are present
5. Designed ONLY for test point execution risk
   evaluation

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THREE FLAGS Test Point Execution SCALE
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Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution
Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

• QUESTION 1 RATIONALE
• Indication of increased execution risk
• Focus ONLY on the safety point of view (NO
  performance aspects)
• QUESTION 2 RATIONALE
• How close to the aircraft limits X margins for
  errors
• Area Restriction
• QUESTION 3 RATIONALE
• Difficult to handle
• Robustness and easiness of the recovering
• Experience on the type of aircraft and
  lessons learned HELPS !!

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Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution
Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

• Three Flags TPE was successfully applied during
  the Embraer Phenom 100 development phase for the
  following Flight Test Campaigns
• Automatic Flight Control System
• Controllability and Maneuverability
• Stability
• Autopilot Servo Sizing
• Takeoff Transition
• Minimum Control Speeds
• Fuel Heat Management
• Steering Test Without Shimmy Damper
• In-Flight Thrust Determination
• Engine In-Flight Start
• Engine Inlet Distortion
• ANAC Familiarization Flight

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Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution
Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

• Example
• Test Point Maximum Dive Speed Demonstrated in
  Flight (Vdf) Determination
• Aircraft Choose an aircraft you are currently
  flying.
• Configuration UP/0
• Initial Altitude 15.000 1000 ft
• Trim Speed Vmo
• Minimum Recovery Altitude 10.000 ft
• 1. TRIM aircraft at Vmo/Mmo during 10 seconds
• 2. ESTABLISH a pitch attitude 7.5 (pushover
  maneuver Nz0.5g) below the trimmed attitude and
  maintain during 20 seconds. Do not reduce thrust
• 3. PERFORM a pull up maneuver with load factor
  1.5g. After start pull up, THRUST REDUCTION may
  be used, if required.

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Example
MANEUVER QUESTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS FLAGS TPE
MANEUVER 1 2 3 FLAGS TPE
Vdf/Mdf Determination 2 MEDIUM
Vdf is the maximum speed demonstrated in dive
flight.
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Embraer Phenom 100 Aircraft
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• CONCLUSIONS
• Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale
• R.A. Easier and Straight to the Point
• Focused on what WILL be done (future)
• Simple to use
• Consistent grades attribution

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Thank You !
Flying is an unnatural act so be ready. Prepare
yourself till you think you were born that way.
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Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal
for Flight Test Risk Assessments
Maximilian Kleinübing, B.S.,Flight Test
Engineer maximilian.kleinubing_at_embraer.com.br