Passenger Ship Flooding Survivability

1
Passenger Ship Flooding Survivability

• William S. Peters, Life Member, Naval
  Architecture Division, U.S. Coast Guard
• Riaan vant Veer, Visitor, MARIN
• Andrea Serra, Member, Fincantieri
• Anna-Lea Rimpela, Visitor, Kvaerner-Masa Yards
• Yoshiho Ikeda, Visitor, Osaka University

2
Passenger Ship Flooding Survivability

• Background Old and Recent
• IMO Large Passenger Ship Safety
• LPS at SLF 47 (Sept. 2004)
• Framework for LPS Investigations
• Practical Assessment
• Model Tests
• Time-to-Flood Study
• LPS Tasks

3
Recent Background

• 1999 Ad Hoc 8 established
• 2000 IMO LPS Initiative
• Does SOLAS handle LPS the right way?
• 2001 2003 SLF involved HARDER
• LPS conclusion downward trend
• May 2004 MSC 78 agreed on upward trend
• Establish Casualty Thresholds
• Sep 2004 SLF 47 LPS

4
IMO Large Passenger Ship Safety

• How well does current SOLAS handle safety needs
  of passenger ships carrying gt 2,500 persons?
• 80 passenger ships with this capacity today
  More Planned (15)
• Reasons for concern
• 4.3 million North American passengers embarked in
  1st half of 2004

5
LPS at SLF 47 (September 2004)

• Completed Subdivision and damage stability
  criteria (presented under Harmonization)
• Work in Progress
• measures to limit progressive flooding
• usefulness of time-to-flood studies
• characterization of designed survivability
  floatability assessment
• structural integrity after damage
• threshold criteria -

6
Framework of LPS Investigations(post SLF 46
2003-2004)

• Practical Assessment (Finland)
• Model Tests (Italy Japan)
• Refine Time-to-Flood study (US)
• Independent projects to share information

7
Practical Assessment

• Weather-tight doors which start to leak, but with
  a high collapse pressure
• Fire door with no leakage threshold but with
  moderate to high collapse pressure
• Joiner door with no leakage threshold and with
  low to moderate collapse pressure.
• Provided suggested parameters to MARIN study

8
Model Test Projects Italy Japan

• Common unbuilt design used for model tests.
• Similar sized model scale 1/40 1/50
• Two compartment cases investigated.
• Model included only steel boundaries.

9
Italy Model Test Results

• Agreement with static calculations

10
Japan Model Test Results

• High sensitivity to intermediate conditions
  flooding on multiple decks

11
Time-to-Flood Project

• 2003 - Initial study completed and submitted to
  SLF 46 (Sept. 2003)
• Sponsored by US performed at MARIN
• 2004 Follow-on study incorporated refinements
  suggested at SLF 46 and results from Practical
  Assessment

12
MARIN Time-to-Flood (TTF) Assumed Damage Extents
13
TTF Results 2 Compt, BHD Deck Breached,
Splashtight Doors Closed
14
TTF Results 3 Compt, BHD Deck Breached,
Splashtight Doors Closed
15
3 Compartment Damage, Righting Arm s-factor
results

• GM 1.6m
• ?e 15,915 deg
• Range 0 deg
• GZmax 0.0 m
• K 0
• Sfinal 0.0

16
3 Compartment Damage, Righting Arm s-factor
results

• GM 2.1m
• ?e 2,658 deg
• Range 13.031 deg
• GZmax 0.134 m
• Sfinal 0.95

17
TTF Results 3 Compt in Waves
18
TTF Results 3 Compt with Different Downflooding
Assumptions
19
TTF Results 3 Compt with Different Downflooding
Assumptions
20
Time-to-Flood Conclusions from Final Study

• Refined modeling provides improved simulation
  results
• reduced heel in intermediate stages
• Results are sensitive to modeling of downflooding
  points
• Protection by doors
• How doors leak and collapse critical
• Initial GM important to survivability

21
LPS Tasks Underway

• SDS Correspondence Group work
• consideration of the usefulness of time-domain
  flooding studies
• investigation of raking damage issues
• determine if a floatability assessment criteria
  can be established (when s-factor 0)
• develop threshold criteria for survivability to
  satisfy either of two scenarios
• 1) return to port or
• 2) remain habitable for at least 3 hours for
  evacuation

22
Passenger Ship Flooding Survivability

• Thank you for attending.
• Please visit the Ad Hoc Panel 8 website to
  follow ongoing activity
• www.sname.org/committees/tech_ops/O44/passenger/ho
  me.html
• www.sname.org/committees/tech_ops/O44/passenger/ac
  tivity.html