A NATION DIVIDED

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A NATION DIVIDED

• CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

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VOCABULARY

• THE NEW LEFT
• STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (S.D.S.)
• FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.)
• DOVES
• HAWKS

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IMPORTANT DATES

• 1959 SDS FOUNDED
• 1964 FSM FOUNDED
• 1967
• ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTON
• McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATION

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Quiz 30.3

• All American males ages 18-26 had to register for
  the______________.
• Name two ways people tried to get out of the
  draft?
• S.D.S.- What does it stand for
• Most American soldiers in Vietnam
  were____________.(SES)
• Define Dove and Hawk.

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ANTI-WAR PROTEST

• U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE
  SERVICE SYSTEM
• ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER
• DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN
• SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED
• LARGE s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED
• HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED?
• MEDICAL DEFERMENT (Define)
• ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD
• CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION (Define)
• COLLEGE DEFERMENT
• LAST RESORT LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)
• RESULT?
• MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE THE
  SYSTEM
• MANY WHO COULDNT AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS

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ANTI-WAR PROTEST

• 80 OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME FROM WORKING
  CLASS
• WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST s OF DRAFTEES?
• AFRICAN-AMERICANS
• WORKING CLASS WHITES
• LATINOS
• PROBLEMS?
• RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS
• EX 20 OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE
  AFRICAN-AMERICAN
• RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S.
  GROWS
• EX 1969 RACE RIOT _at_ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.

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ANTI-WAR PROTEST

• SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-NAM
• U.S. MILITARY DIDNT ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT UNITS
• 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, SPECIFICALLY
  AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES
• WHERE?
• ARMY
• NAVY
• RED CROSS
• U.S.O.
• U.S.O. DID / DOES WHAT?
• PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES,
  ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

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ROOTS OF OPPOSITION

• 1960s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY
  ACTIVE
• COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL
  ACTIVITY
• WHY?
• JFKs NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE
  INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES
• GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
• BABY BOOM CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL
  COLLEGE STUDENTS
• WHO? THE NEW LEFT
• DESCRIBE POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR
  CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY
• EXAMPLES?
• S.D.S BEGAN _at_ U. OF MICHIGAN
• F.S.M. BEGAN _at_ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
• DID WHAT?
• CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS
• CRITICIZED THE MACHINE GOVT - BIG BUSINESS
  ALLIANCE

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• F.S.M. Rally
• _at_ UC-Berkley,
• 1964

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PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS

• 1966 LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTS
• HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN GOOD
  ACADEMIC STANDING
• REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES INCREASE
• LATE-67 S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON CAMPUSES
  ACROSS U.S.
• MAJOR PROTESTS
• SPRING,67 NYC CENTRAL PARK 500,000
• OCT.,67 WASH., D.C. PROTEST 75,000
• ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH _at_ PENTAGON
• 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

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• COME ON ALL OF YOU BIG STRONG MEN,
• UNCLE SAM NEEDS YOUR HELP AGAIN
• HES GOT HIMSELF IN A TERRIBLE JAM
• WAY DOWN YONDER IN VIETNAM,
• SO PUT DOWN YOUR BOOKS AND PICK UP A GUN
• WERE GONNA HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF FUN!
• AND ITS ONE, TWO, THREEWHAT ARE WE FIGHTING
  FOR?
• DONT ASK ME, I DONT GIVE A DAMN
• NEXT STOP IS VIETNAM
• AND ITS FIVE, SIX, SEVENOPEN UP THE PEARLY
  GATES
• THERE AINT NO TIME TO WONDER WHY
• WHOOPIE, WERE ALL GONNA DIE!
• COME ON, YOU MOTHERS THROUGHOUT THE LAND
• PACK YOUR BOYS OFF TO VIETNAM
• COME ON FATHERS, DONT HESITATE
• SEND YOUR SONS OFF BEOFRE ITS TOO LATE
• YOU CAN BE THE FIRST ONE ON YOUR BLOCK

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ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967
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ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968
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DIVIDED OPINIONS

• DOVES Define
• HAWKS Define
• 1967 MEDIA POLL RESULTS
• 2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED
• 50 THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD HELP WIN WAR
• 70 BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE DISLOYAL ACTS

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FAMOUS SLOGANS

• HELL NO, WE WONT GO!
• BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!
• DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!
• HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HAVE YOU KILLED
  TODAY?!!
• AMERICALOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!
• SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.