A Nation Divided

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South Africa

• A Nation Divided

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History of South Africa

• Colonized by the English and Dutch in 17th
  century
• Dutch known as Boers and Afrikaners
• Dutch created its own colonies
• Discovery of diamonds caused the British to
  invade
• Boer War a result

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Why is S. Africa loved by others?

• A country blessed with an abundance of natural
  resources including
• Fertile farmlands
• Unique mineral resources
• South African mines are world leaders in the
  production of diamonds and gold as well as
  strategic metals such as platinum.

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The Apartheid

• In the 1940s the Afrikaner National Party
  (whites that live in Africa) gained control
• Created an apartheid to cement control over the
  social and economic systems
• The initial aim was to maintain white domination
  while extending racial separation

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The Grand Apartheid

• 1960s brings territorial segregation and police
  repression
• Population Registration Act required that all
  South Africans be racially classified into one of
  three categories white, black (African), or
  colored (of mixed decent).
• Your color was based on appearance, the way you
  spoke, and the way you acted

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Homelands

• Each African was assigned a state by the
  government according to the record of origin
• Africans had no political rights, like voting
• Africans living in the homelands needed passports
  to enter South Africa Aliens in their own
  country.

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African National Congress

• The formation of the ANC Youth League in 1944
  lead by Nelson Mandela, heralded a new generation
  committed to building non-violent mass action
  against the legal underpinnings of white
  supremacy.

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Sharpeville Massacre

• March 21st, 1960
• 20,000 blacks demonstrate in Sharpeville against
  carrying ID cards.
• Police opened fire killing 69, injuring 180most
  all shot in the back.
• The ANC was banned by the government
• Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment

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Sharpeville
Massacre
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• Until the 1980s, blacks were expected to step
  off the pavement to make way for any white
  pedestrian.
• A white boy would be referred to as "klein baas"
  (little boss)
• A grown black man would be referred to as "boy
  by whites.
• Black policemen were not allowed to arrest whites
• In Black areas there were no parks, or any type
  of recreation.
• Benches were all marked Europeans Only

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What did the rest of the world think?

• The United Nations held numerous conferences
  condemning South Africa, a now isolated country
• Investors were pressured not to buy or invest in
  any goods that were a product of S. Africa
• Banned from participating in world competitions
  (the Olympics)
• Tourism boycotted

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So then

• In 1984 some of the apartheid laws were
  repealednot all and not for everyone
• S. Africa starting to feel the burn from other
  countries
• Its own internal troubles
• The majority of the blacks still had very few
  rights, the new constitution benefited
  non-whites but not much was said for the
  branded blacks.
• This lead to one of the most violent occurrences
  of the 80s

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• 1985-1988
• P.W. Botha government embarked on a savage
  campaign to eliminate opposition.
• Police and soldiers patrolled the African towns
  in armed vehicles, destroying black squatter
  camps and detaining, abusing and killing
  thousands of blacks and coloureds.
• Rigid censorship laws tried to conceal the events
  by banning media and newspaper overage.

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The Savior

• In 1989, F. W. de Klerk succeeded P. W. Botha as
  president.
• On February 2nd, 1990 at the opening of
  Parliament, he declared that apartheid had failed
  and that the bans on political parties, including
  the ANC, were to be lifted.
• Nelson Mandela was released from prison.
• De Klerk went on to abolish all the remaining
  apartheid laws.

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Still Working On It

• On April 15, 2003
• President Thabo Mbeki announced that the South
  African government would pay 85 million to about
  22,000 people who were tortured, detained, or
  lost family members under apartheid rule.
• The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, set up
  to investigate abuses from the apartheid era, had
  recommended the government to pay 400 million in
  compensation, over the next five years.

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