CONSCIOUSNESS

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CONSCIOUSNESS
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Did you know...

• World Record Longest period of time a human has
  intentionally gone without sleep (no stimulants)
• Randy Gardner (1964) 17-years old
• 264 Hours (11 days)
• Held Press Conference on last day spoke without
  slurring
• Health was monitored negative cognitive
  behavioral changes were reported
• After falling asleep slept 14 hours, 40
  minutes.

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Facts

• Although some people insist they NEVER dream,
  research suggests EVERYONE dreams during the
  night
• In sleep labs, people wakened from REM periods
  report 80-100 were dreaming w/ vivid colorful
  images (even bizarre, abnormal things were
  reported vividly)

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Consciousness refers to different levels of
awareness of ones thoughts and feelings

• Alertness to nonalertness

• Not completely aware altered state
• i.e. sleep

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FREUDS LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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SLEEP
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NREM
NREM
NREM
NREM
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There are two (2) major types of sleep
1. REM sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by
rapid eye movements, a high level of brain
activity, a deep relaxation of the muscles and
dreaming

• This is the time when we will dream.

• Active sleep

• 15 minutes (beginning of night) to 45 minutes
  (end of night)

• Your voluntary muscles are paralyzed.

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2. NREM sleep. This stands for non-rapid eye
movement and is the other type of sleep.

• Where we spend the majority of our sleep time

• Divided into 4 stages (first four)

• Decreases in length as nights sleep progresses.

• Quiet sleep

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HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED?
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WHAT HAPPENS IF I DONT GET SLEEP?

• It can affect immune system.
• It can cause you to hallucinate.
• You will have less energy.
• Your cognitive performance can be affected.

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Texting and sleep

• 2010 Research Average teen sends more than 100
  text messages per day.
• Major cause of sleep deprivation in teens
• Texts may awaken you and decrease sleep
• Playing games on your phone before bed can
  prevent sleep
• Study showed that 77.5 of teens that text or
  surf web at night have trouble falling asleep
• Can cause mood, behavior, and cognitive problems
  during the day including ADHD, anxiety, depression

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CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
24-hour biological clock genetically programmed
regulates physiological responses
Disrupting the circadian rhythm causes problems
Sleep is regulated by environment/industrial
clock, NOT your circadian rhythm POTENTIAL
PROBLEMS?
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• Problems that can result from disrupting the
  circadian clock
• Accidents (body prepared for sleep, trying to
  stay awake to drive, alertness decreases)
• Jet lag
• Illness

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Your circadian rhythm for body temperature
influences your sleep preferences
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• Treating Circadian Problems
• Melatonin - supplements have been proven to help
  people sleep

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Sleep Disorders
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Insomnia

• Persistent problems falling asleep
• Effects 10 of the population
• Primary insomnia Primary insomnia means that a
  person is having sleep problems that are not
  directly associated with any other health
  condition or problem.
• Secondary insomnia Secondary insomnia means that
  a person is having sleep problems because of
  something else, such as a health condition (like
  asthma, depression, arthritis, cancer, or
  heartburn) pain medication they are taking or
  a substance they are using (like alcohol).

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Sleep Disorders
Definition Associated with
Insomnia Failure to get enough sleep at night Daytime - fatigue, impaired concentration, memory difficulty, lack of well-being
Sleep Apnea Repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing Daytime - exhausted chances of developing increases when overweight, use alcohol or sedatives
Narcolepsy Suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day Daytime sleep attacks accompanied by REM sleep
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Narcolepsy

• Suffer from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at
  unpredictable or inappropriate times.
• Directly into REM sleep
• Less than .001 of population.

Click above to see Skeeter the narcoleptic dog.
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Sleep Apnea

• A person stops breathing during their sleep.
• Wake up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls
  back asleep.
• Very common, especially in heavy males.
• Can be fatal.

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Night Terrors

• Wake up screaming and have no idea why.
• Not a nightmare.
• Most common in children (boys) between ages 2-8.

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NIGHTMARES NIGHT TERRORS
Nightmares unpleasant dreams occur during REM
Night terrors sleep disruptions in stage IV
involve screaming, panic, confusion often no
memory of it
SLEEPWALKING
Most common in young children will outgrow it
Linked to stress, fatigue, drug use
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Somnambulism

• Sleep Walking
• Most often occurs during the first few hours of
  sleeping and in stage 4 (deep sleep).
• If you have had night terrors, you are more
  likely to sleep walk when older.

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DREAMS
Everybody dreams
Often incorporate everyday activities into dreams
FREUD (Dream interpretation) Dreams have hidden
meaning/reveal the unconscious

• MANY DREAM THEORIES
• problem-solving theory
• mental housecleaning/clean brain
• extending waking life

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HYPNOSIS
state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed
focus of attention and characterized by
heightened suggestibility
USES

• entertainment
• pain reduction
• quit smoking

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MEDITATION The focusing of attention to clear
ones mind and produce relaxation
USES

• lower blood pressure, heart rate
• benefits vary greatly

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DRUGS CONSCIOUSNESS
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS chemicals that affect the
nervous system and result in altered states

• Stimulants elevate mood, increase energy
  alertness
• caffiene
• cocaine
• Meth

• Depressants slow down nervous system
• alcohol
• sleeping pills

• Hallucinogens change persons perception of
  reality
• marijuana
• LSD

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MARIJUANA ALCOHOL

• Marijuana
• the dried leaves and flowers of Indian hemp
  (cannabis sativa) that produce altered states of
  consciousness
• effects vary from person to person, situation to
  situation
• studies suggest more dangerous to lungs than
  cigarette
• disrupts memory formation
• psychological addiction?

• Alcohol
• can loosen inhibitions
• despite stimulating effect is a depressant
• Can cause brain and liver damage
• underage drinking has actually decreased