Adolescence

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Chapter 4

• Adolescence

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Adolescence

• Read outloud exploring psychology
• Do Anna Freuds statements written over 50 years
  ago describe teens today?

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What is adolescence?

• The transition from childhood to adulthood

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What marks the admission into adulthood?

• Rites of passage
• ceremonies or rituals that mark admission into
  adulthood

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Theories of adolescence

• Stanley Hall
• Margret Meade.

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Do Hall and Mead agree?

• Hall storm and stress
• Meade continuous process childhood/adolescence/a
  dulthood

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What 3 task must adolescence master

1. Accepting your physical make up and developing
   gender roles
2. Developing relationships with peers
3. Developing emotional independence from parents
   and other adults
4. Developing independence
5. Deciding/preparing for a career

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• 6. Develop cognitive (THINKING) skills and tools
  necessary for social success
• 7. Understanding and achieving socially
• responsible behavior
• 8. Prepare for marriage and family
• 9. Acquiring values that are harmonious and
• appropriatefor what????

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What marks the end of childhood?

• PUBERTY
• SELF CONSCIOUSNESS???

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Physical Changes

• Growth spurts at different rates
• Changes in height and weight
• Development of private parts and hair
• Muscle mass increases vs fatty tissue
• Voice changes
• Menarche/super menarche

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Sexual Development

• 1. What is your belief about friends with
  benefits
• 2. Development of attitudes towards sex Yes / NO
  / Abstinence
• 3. What are your role expectations????
• Double standard?? Whats good for the goose is
  good for the gander!!!!!
• 4. What are your FEARS..

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Personal Development 42

• How does an adolescence thinking differ from a
  child?
• More abstract thinking and reasoning

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• PIAGETS FORMAL OPERATION STAGE
• What is RATIONALIZATIONUGH!
• Elkind on PG 103..comments?

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ERIKSONS IDENTITY CRISIS

• IS THERE SUCH A THING?

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Eriksons Theory of the Identity Crisis

• WHO AM I??

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Resolving the crisis..

• What do you need to develop to resolve the
  crisis?
• confidence, trust, feeling of competence?

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Marcia View of Identity Crisis
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Social Learning Theory /Bandura

• Bandura feels adolescence is one part of a
  continuous process of development that emphasis
  interaction

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• One of the principal developments of adolescents
  is to become independent of their families
• In becoming independent, the role of peers
  becomes important
• Adolescents need and use each other to define who
  they are!

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Social Development 43
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• In an effort to answer Who am I adolescents
  form cliques
• Cliques - small, exclusive groups of people
  within a larger group
• What cliques can you identify?

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• Groups help adolescents
• achieve self-confidence
• develop a sense of independence
• clarify values
• experiment with new roles

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• Drawback to cliques
• fear of dislike can lead to conformity
• conformity - acting according to some specific
  authority
• group pressure

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• Both peer groups and parents have influence
• peer groups set standards on fashion, music, and
  school related issues
• parents have greater influence in areas of
  marriage, religion, and education plans

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• Adolescence can present some temporary
  psychological difficulties
• illusion of invulnerability
• depression and suicide
• eating disorders

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GENDER ROLES 44

• Do you have a gender schema ?
• If so, what is it?

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Gender differences..

• Are gender difference real or learned?
• Is one more superior?
• Nature and nurture influence gender.. Roles are
  a changing

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Ponder

• Why is identity significant to the adolescent.
• During adolescence, the individual struggles to
  arrive at an integrated sense of self or
  identity. According to Erik Erikson, this occurs
  during a period known as the identity crisis.
  Other psychologists argue that this period need
  not be marked by crisis.

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What conflicts do adolescents face?

• acquiring a masculine or feminine gender role,
• developing appropriate relations with peers
• becoming emotionally independent,
• deciding on a vocation,
• achieving socially responsible behavior,
• acquiring values that are harmonious and
• appropriate.

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Problems adolescents develop as a result of
abstract thinking and immaturity.

1. finding fault with authority figures,
2. argumentativeness,
3. indecisiveness,
4. apparent hypocrisy in living up to their ideals,
5. self-consciousness,
6. invulnerability.

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