The Thirteen Colonies

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The Thirteen Colonies
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The New England Colonies

• Fishing, whaling, trading, lumbering,
  self-sufficient farms

• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire

3
The Middle Colonies

• Bread basket of the colonies grew grain
  religious diversity

• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware

4
The Southern Colonies

• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

• Farms and plantations grew indigo, rice, cotton,
  and tobacco

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Declaring Independence
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The American Revolution

• Causes
• British taxing policies in the colonies
• No taxation without representation
• Stamp Act, tea duty

• Effects
• Colonies gained independence
• Formed the United States

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Grievances listed in the Declaration of
Independence

• The King
• Imposed taxes without consent
• Deprived colonists of their rights of
  representation
• Kept large standing army among colonists
• Quartered troops in colonists homes without
  their consent
• Deprived colonists of a trial by jury

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Declaration of Independence

• Issued on July 4, 1776
• Written mainly by Thomas Jefferson
• Purpose of government to protect peoples
  unalienable rights life, liberty, and the
  pursuit of happiness
• Listed colonial grievances against the English
  king
• Announced to the world that the American colonies
  were now independent

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The Articles of Confederation

• Strengths
• Conducted war against Great Britain
• Gave colonies a degree of unity
• Passed the Northwest Ordinance

• Weaknesses
• Lacked a standing army
• No taxing and borrowing power
• No national court system
• No national currency

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If at first you dont succeed
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Adopting the Constitution and Bill of Rights

• Articles of Confederation (1781)
• Farmers Rebellion in Massachusetts (1786)
• Constitutional Convention (1787)
• Ratification Process (1787-1788)
• The Federalist Papers (1787-1788)
• The Bill of Rights (1791)

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The Bill of Rights

• Individual Freedoms
• 1st freedoms of speech, press, religion,
  assemble protest
• 2nd right to bear arms
• 3rd no quartering soldiers

• Rights of the Accused
• 4th unreasonable search seizure
• 5th due process
• 6th fair impartial criminal trials
• 7th jury trial in civil cases
• 8th no cruel unusual punishment

• Reserved rights of states/people
• 9th rights not listed are left to the people
• 10th powers not mentioned are left to the states

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What is the difference between separation of
powers and checks and balances?

• Separation of powers
• The Executive Branch Implements the laws
• The Legislative Branch originates the laws
• The Judicial Branch interprets the laws

• Checks and balances
• The Executive Branch can veto laws made by the
  legislative branch
• The Legislative Branch can impeach and remove
  judges
• The Judicial Branch can review executive acts and
  congressional laws

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The Civil War
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Causes of the Civil War

• Sectionalism each section of the nation had
  developed its own unique way of life
• Slavery Abolitionist in the North looked at
  slavery as morally wrong and sought to end it
• Issue of extending slavery Issue arose as to
  whether new territories should enter the Union as
  slave or free states
• Breakdown of Compromise (1850) made conflict
  inevitable
• Election of Lincoln Led to secession of
  Southern states.

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Highlights of Civil War

• Attack on Ft. Sumter (1861)
• Northern strategy naval blockade, campaign
  along the Mississippi attack on Richmond
• Emancipation Proclamation 1862
• Battles of Gettysburg Vicksburg (1863)
• Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
  (1865)

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Civil War Amendments