Notes 2 The Periodic Table

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Notes 2 The Periodic Table

• Sci 10
• Chiemistry

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• Mendeleïev created the modern periodic table of
  the elements, placing the elements in order of
  ascending atomic mass.

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• Columns (vertical) of the periodic table are
  called GROUPS
• Elements in a group share characteristics and
  properties
• Rows (horizontal) of the periodic table are
  called PERIODS
• Elements in a period all have the same electron
  shell(s)

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Métalloides
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• Metals and non-metals have different properties.
  
• Metalloids have properties of metals and
  non-metals.

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Alkaline Metals Group I
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Alkaline Earth Metals Group II
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Transition Metals (metals with more than one
charge)
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Halogens Group VII (or XVII)
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Noble Gases Group VIII (or XVIII)
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Hydrogen an exception

• It can behave like an alkaline metal or like a
  halogen

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Back to electrons

• Electrons are located on shells around the
  nucleus
• Different shells contain different number of
  electrons
• Different elements have different numbers of
  shells
• Valence shells shell the farthest away from
  nucleus
• Valence electrons electrons on the valence
  shell

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• Period indicates the of electron shells
• Period 1 1 shell (2 e- max)
• Period 2 2 shells 
• shell 1 - 2 e- max
• Valence shell (shell 2) 8 e- max
• Period 3 3 shells 
• shell 1 - 2 e- max
• shell 2 8 e- max
• Valence shell (shell 3) 8 e- max

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Bohr-Rutherford Diagram/ Electron shell diagram

• An atomic model that shows the distribution of
  ALL electrons
• Indicate the of p and of neutrons in nucleus
  (drawn as a circle)
• Determine of shells ( of period)
• Add electrons (max 2 for the 1st, 8 for la 2nd
  and 3rd)

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• Group represents the of valence electrons

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Lewis Structures/ Electron Dot Diagrams

• A method of representing an atom that shows only
  its valence electrons
• sodium carbon
• chlorine

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Practice!

• Notes 2 - Questions