Atoms, Elements and the PERIODIC TABLE

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Atoms, Elements and the PERIODIC TABLE
Created By Kim Trent Elm Place Middle School
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THE ATOM

• Atoms keep the characteristic properties of
  the element

• All atoms, are made up of smaller parts called
  protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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DIAGRAM OF AN ATOMNoticewhat is inside the
nucleus and what is outside the nucleus
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• A proton has a positive charge and a mass of 1
  AMU
• An electron has a negative charge and
  negligible (it is so small you can ignore it)
  mass.
• A neutron has no charge and a mass of 1 AMU

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Neutrons and protons are added to form the atomic
mass.
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• Neutrons and protons are tightly packed in the
  nucleus
• Electrons orbit the nucleus in complex patterns
  or orbitals.

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• The number of protons is the main determining
  factor for the general characteristics of the
  atom.
• For exampleall atoms with 6 protons are carbon

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Diagram of an atom
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New findings in the science world

• In recent years scientists have discovered quarks
  and gluons.go to the following website to find
  out more.
• http//education.jlab.org/atomtour/index.html

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

• Dmitri Mendeleev
• 1869 organized by atomic mass
• Today organized by atomic number

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Mendeleevs original periodic table
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There are 7 periods/rows (left to right)
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There are 18 groups/families. The elements in a
group have the same number of valence electrons.
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Whats what inside the squares!

• 8 atomic number (means there are
  8 protons and 8 electrons
• O symbol (one letter symbol)
• Oxygen element name
• 15.999 atomic mass (number of protons PLUS
  number of neutrons)
• SO, oxygen has 8 protons and 8 electrons.to
  calculate the number of neutrons, you have to use
  formula
• neutrons atomic mass atomic number
• 15.999 8 8 (rounded to nearest whole
  number)

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Practicing your note cards

• Go to the following website
• http//www.quia.com/rr/94295.html
• Show Mrs. Allen when you get a million
• How many times did it take you to get a million?

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Properties of Metals

• Physical Properties
• 1. Magnetic
• 2. Malleable
• (pounded into shapes)
• 3. Hardness Shininess
• 4. Ductile (pulled into a wire)
• 5. Conductors (transmit heat/electricity)

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Lead that is flattenedLead that is bendable
EXAMPLES OF MALLEABLE METALS
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Examples of DUCTILE metals
Copper wire
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ALLOYS

• Alloy mix of metals
• Gold is usually alloyed
• 24 carats is pure gold
• Alloys used for cars, silver wear, buildings,
  appliances, etc.
• Go to the following website and list 5 different
  alloys of cobalt.

http//www.mii.org/Minerals/photocobalt.html
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• Family 1/Alkali Metals
• 1. 1 valence electron
• 2. Very reactive
• 3. Na and K most important
• 4. Most are soft and shiny
• Reaction of water
  and potassium
• Go to the following website
• to watch the reaction

http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/me
dia/moov/K_H2O.mov
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Sodium an alkali metal atomic number 11
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• Family 2/Alkaline Earth Metals
• 1. Combine to make alloys
• 2.Mg and Ca are most common
• 3. 2 valence electrons
• 4. Very reactive

• Calcium is a silver metal found in teeth,
  bones, shells and leaves.

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• Groups 3 12 Transition Metals
• Bridge elements together
• Fairly stable

• Copper is reddish and has a bright luster. Can be
  a sheet, wire, or rod.

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The picture below shows the result of adding
different metal salts to a burning reaction
mixture of potassium chlorate and sucrose.
The bluish color is from the reaction of copper
(a transition metal)
Go to the following website to see the reaction
http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/me
dia/moov/rainbow.mov
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Lanthanides and Actinides

• Rare Earth Elements
• Good conductors
• Uranium used in
  nuclear power
  and nuclear
  weapons.

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• This are the questions that you worked on on
  Monday an Tuesday..the ANSWERS are in REDCHECK
  TO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE 100 CORRECT, if not change
  your answers.
• List 3 facts about Mendeleev. Any three facts are
  ok.
• What were some of the similar chemical and
  physical properties that Mendeleev observed? Fl
  and Cl are both gases that irritate your eyes and
  silver and copper are both shiny metals that
  tarnish.
• What is atomic mass? Average mass of one atom of
  the element
• What is bonding power? Refers to number of
  chemical bonds an element can form
• Look at figure 2, how did Mendeleev arrange the
  elements? According to atomic mass.
• As Mendeleev discovered, arranging the elements
  by atomic mass does not produce a perfect table.