The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table

• NOTES, PART I HISTORY AND FAMILIES ON THE
  PERIODIC TABLE

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HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART I

• The originator of the periodic table was russian
  chemist dmitri mendeleev (1834-1907).
• He originally ordered the periodic table by
  increasing atomic mass, with elements having
  common properties under
  each other.

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A copy of the first periodic table
Obviously, this is a work in progress.
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HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART II

• The next person to improve on the periodic table
  was Henry Mosley.
• He had the idea to order the table based on the
  atomic number, instead of the mass, giving us a
  table much like the one we now have today!

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Periodic Law

• When the elements are arranged in order of atomic
  number, there is a periodic repetition of their
  chemical and physical properties. This is called
  the Periodic Law.

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Breakdown of the Periodic Table

• The periodic table is broken down into rows,
  called periods,

• And columns called groups or families.

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Representative Elements

• All of the elements found in the s-orbital and
  p-orbital areas are called the representative
  elements.

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Metals and Nonmetals
Metal/Nonmetal Line-separates metals from
non-metals on the periodic table
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Metals and Nonmetals, cont.

• Metals have a high electrical conductivity and a
  high luster when clean. They are ductile and
  malleable.
• Nonmetals are generally non-lustrous and are poor
  conductors of electricity.

Gold is a typical metal
Helium and other gases are nonmetals
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Metalloids

• Metalloids show properties of both metals and
  nonmetalsthey are on both sides of the
  metal/nonmetal line.

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Alkali Metals

• Group 1A is called the Alkali Metals

• These are the most reactive elements on the
  periodic table.

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Next to the alkali metals come the alkaline earth
  metals

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Other Metals

• Other metals include transition metals, inner
  transition metals (a.k.a. rare earth metals) and
  other metals.

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Inner Transition Metals

• Inside the inner transition metal group, there
  are two categories
• The Lanthanide Series, which is the top row in
  the inner transition metal, and the actinide
  series which is the second row.

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Halogens

• Halogens are a group of reactive non-metals.

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Noble Gases

• Noble Gases Make up the last column of the
  periodic table.

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Noble Gases

• Noble gases are special because they are
  unreactive. This is because they have a
  completely full outside energy level, making them
  more stable than other elements.

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Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen Families
O x y g e n Family
N i t r o g e n Family
C a r b o n Family
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Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen Families

• Because of the fact that they are bisected by the
  metal/ nonmetal line and dont have as many
  similar properties, they are more of a loose
  grouping.
• The oxygen group also carries the name chalcogens.