Body Systems

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Body Systems

• Everything I do I do it for you!

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Cells-Tissues-Organs-Body Systems

• C. Groups of cells which perform similar
  functions form tissues.
• D. Tissues are then organized into sets to form
  whole organs.
• E. When organs work together to perform specific
  tasks, they are called body systems.

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How Do Cells Work?

• 1. A cell is a self contained living unit which
  depends on the body to supply its needs.
• 2. Every cell works in cooperation with each
  other to support the whole body.
• 3. The cells genes provide the blueprint for
  what the cell will specifically do.
• 4. The genes are contained in the cells nucleus
  and are bound as chromosomes.

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1) Integumentary System
(in-teg-u-men-ta-ry)

• Includes your skin, hair, nails and sweat glands
• Skin is the primary organ in this system and is
  the largest organ in your body.
• Serves to waterproof and protect your body,
  sensory, temp. regulation and vitamin D production

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2) Skeletal System

• Made up of bones, ligaments and tendons
• Works with the muscular system to produce
  movement
• Bones release minerals into the blood when they
  are needed by other body systems and produces
  white and red blood cells.

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3) Muscular System

• Made up of muscles
• Muscles respond to messages from the nervous
  system.
• Works with the skeletal system to produce movement

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4) Nervous System

• Made up of nerve cells
• Communicates with all other body systems
• Directs activities of all the systems and
  receives information about the conditions in all
  other systems.

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5) Digestive System

• Made up of teeth, mouth, esophagus, stomach,
  small and large intestine and rectum
• Breaks down food into nutrients
• Delivers nutrients to the circulatory system

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6) Circulatory System

• Made up of the heart and blood vessels
• Pumps blood and carries oxygen and nutrients to
  all other systems
• It cleanses the systems of their wastes
• Carries messages to the hormonal system
• Cells are made in the skeletal system

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7) Urinary System

• Made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
• Works with the circulatory system to maintain
  fluid and chemical balance in the body
• Filters cellular waste out of the blood into the
  urine for removal

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8) Respiratory System

• Made up of structures in the nose and mouth,
  trachea, lungs and diaphragm
• Delivers oxygen to the circulatory system and
  removes carbon dioxide
• Responds to nervous system to perform its tasks

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9) Immune System

• Made up of structures in your blood
• Protects all other body systems from infection
• Cells travel through the circulatory system and
  through all body tissues

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10) Hormonal/Endocrine System

• Communicates with many body systems to direct
  their activities
• Monitors the blood for indicators of body
  conditions
• Receives information and directions from the
  nervous system

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11) Reproductive System

• Works with nervous and hormonal systems to
  establish sex of each human being
• Responds to nerves, hormones and muscles in
  creating new human beings

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Define And/Or Recognize Examples Of Stress And
Homeostasis
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Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is defined as a state of dynamic
  constancy which represents a state of well being,
  health or normality.

• Examples of homeostasis include a normal blood
  pH of 7.35 to 7.45, a normal blood glucose range
  of 70-120 mg/100 ml of blood, or a normal blood
  pressure range of 100-140 mmHg systolic to 60-90
  mmHg diastolic.

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Stress

• Stress is defined as some event or condition that
  disrupts homeostasis.

• Examples of stress include disease, loss of
  negative feedback control, abnormal conditions
  such as hyperglycemia (high blood glucose),
  acidosis (excess hydrogen ions), etc.

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Acid-Base Homeostasis

• Carotid and aortic bodies in the neck and heart
  monitor hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the
  blood. If blood pH drops below 7.35 (acidosis),
  these receptors send signals to the medulla of
  the brain.
• The medulla acts a controller to activate
  respiratory muscles .
• The respiratory muscles act as effectors to
  increase breathing which raises pH.

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Blood Glucose Homeostasis

• If Blood glucose exceeds 120 mg, the beta cell
  of the pancreas acts as a sensor and control
  center to evaluate the high blood glucose. The
  beta cell then releases insulin which acts an
  effector to increase blood glucose transfer into
  body cells. This process reduces blood glucose
  and corrects high blood glucose (hyperglycemia).