From agricultural to industrial society

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From agricultural to industrial society
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• Members of an agricultural society
• The frontier
• Settling popular
• - an escape
• - adventurous

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• Abundance of free and inexpensive fertile land
• Greater political and social democracy
• Wyoming 1890

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• Go west, young man, and grow up with the
  country. (Greeley)
• Railroads
• Western cattle and corn profit for the U.S.

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• The Civil War
• Products in demand, prices went up
• After the war prices decreased, interest rates
  increased
• Expensive industrial goods

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• The Populists/Peoples Party
• - free, unlimited coinage of silver
• - graduated income tax
• - gov should own the telephone, telegraph,
  railroad industries
• - secret ballots

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• At first successful
• Labourers organizations
• Teamed up with the Democratic Party in 1896 to
  run W. Jennings Bryan as their Presidential
  Candidate

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• Short existence but a great impact
• Many issues were adopted
• Major parties had to listen to the poor

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• Industrial capacity
• Encouraging factors
• - many natural resources
• - tariff barriers
• - growing population

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• Industrial Revolution
• Inventions
• Introduction of factories in America
• - Samuel Slater
• - Eli Whitney

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• Slater textile mills in England
• 1791
• Whitney cotton gin
• 50 times faster
• Mass production of cotton

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• Elias Howes sewing machine
• A. Graham Bell telephone
• C. Sholes typewriter
• T. A. Edison photograph, light bulb

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• Early 1900s Henry Ford assembly line
• Increased effiency
• Growth of cities
• The market grew
• Labour force

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• Immigration important despite the high birth rate
• Pride in their special American culture
• Openness to immigrants
• 1890-1910 9 million

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• After World War I worry
• No more unsettled farmland, cities overcrowded
• Recent immigrants were different

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• Before 1890 northern and western Europe
• After 1890 southern and eastern Europe
• Restrictions on immigration

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• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• 1907 the Gentlemens Agreement
• 1917 the first law to apply to all immigrants -
  the Literacy Test Act

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• 1921 and 1924 limited immigration to a certain
  number each year
• Also, limited the number of people who could come
  from each European country

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• 1952 updated
• McCarran-Walter Act
• Increased the quota slightly from 150,000 and
  gave quotas to Asian countries which had been
  excluded

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• The Immigration Act of 1965 quotas only for
  areas of the world 120,000 for the Western
  Hemisphere and 170,000 for countries outside of it

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• Preferences given to those who
• - had families in the U.S.
• - had job skills needed in the U.S.
• - were refugees from Communist rule or natural
  disaster

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• Har Gobind Khorana geneticist from India/
  nucleotides
• Chien Shiung Wu Manhattan Project/ uranium
• Severo Ochoa medicine, RNA
• Roberto Goizueta Coca Cola Company director,
  CEO

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• Pierre Charles LEnfant Washington, D.C.
• Peter Collier Colliers magazine
• Arturo Toscanini conductor
• Richard E. Kim - author

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• a class of workers dependant on wage labour
• Conditions in the factory
• - unhealthy, unsafe, the wages low, the hours
  long
• Uniting as a group

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• The Knights of Labour in 1869
• Uriah S. Stephens
• Improve conditions for workers, reduce the work
  day to 8 hours, abolish child labour

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• Problems
• - unsuccessful strikes
• - the ease with which unskilled workers could be
  replaced by non-union workers
• - lack of common interests

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• American Federation of Labour (AFL) in 1881
• Samuel Gompers
• Get better wages and admit only skilled workers
• Continued to grow strong