Conflict in the Middle East

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Conflict in the Middle East
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Conflict over Palestine
Israel
Palestine
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Recap Five events that led to conflict in
Palestine

• After WWI, Great Britain controlled Palestine, an
  Arab region
• Jews lived in Palestine 2,000 years ago
• Jews started migrating to Palestine in late
  1800s fleeing persecution
• After WWII, homeless Jews continued to flee to
  Palestine
• Arabs living in Palestine did not want their
  homeland to become a Jewish state

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How did Great Britain try to solve the problem?

• Britain asked the United Nations for help
• The U.N. divided Palestine into two separate
  parts- one for the Jews and one for the Arabs.
• Result
• Jews accepted the plan, Arabs did not
• May 1948, Jewish leaders declared Israel an
  independent state
• Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon declared
  war.

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1947
West Bank
Gaza Strip
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The migration of the Palestinians to Jordan is a
result of the 1948 UN decision to create Israel.
Arab War arose, leading many Palestinians to flee
for safety, and after the Israeli war for
Independence, many were forced from their homes
and land. Jordan is now the home to 42 of all
Palestinian refugees.
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Arab-Israeli wars

• Israel won the first war
• The PLO is the Palestinian Liberation
  Organization. They refused to recognize Israels
  right to exist
• 1967-Israel won third War- 6 Days War
• 1973-Israel won Fourth War- The Yom Kippur War

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Attempts at Peace

• 1979- Egypt became the first Arab nation in the
  region to make peace with Israel
• Anwar Sadat, Egyptian President was assassinated
  by an Arab extremist.
• Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
  which was taken by Israel in the 3rd war.
• 1989-Palestinian Arabs rebelled in the Israeli
  controlled territories
• 1993- Israel and PLO signed a peace agreement
• 2000- Palestinian uprising broke out

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How do they keep their lands separated?

• In 2002, the Israeli Government began
  construction on a wall that will eventually
  surround much of the West Bank.
• The final wall will be more that 400 miles long
• cost 2.5 million per mile
• made with concrete, barbed wire, electrical
  fencing, motion detectors, guard towers, and
  security roads.
• It will be FOUR times as long and twice as high
  as the Berlin Wall.

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Two Anti-Israeli Groups

• Hamas Palestinian Group in power. Identified as
  a terrorist organization by the U.S. State
  Department. Won Palestinian elections in 2005
  Radical fundamentalist group.

• Hezbollah
• Political and social organization in Lebanon with
  strong ties to Iran and Syria, a bloc in
  Lebanon's Parliament and ministers in the
  cabinet. The United States regards Hezbollah as a
  terrorist group that is financed by Iran to
  extend its influence.

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Conflicts in the region

• Religious differences is a major source of
  conflicts
• Iran- Shiites Accept religious leaders as
  political leaders
• Iraq- Sunnis Do not accept religious leaders as
  political leaders
• Ethnic group conflicts
• Iraq- Arabs
• Iran- Persian
• They have different histories and speak different
  languages
• Kurds many have died trying to secure their own
  land

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Explain U.S. presence and interest in
Southwest Asia include the Persian Gulf conflict
and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
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Persian Gulf War

• Iraq, in debt from its war with Iran, invaded
  Kuwait in order to control Kuwaits sources of
  oil.
• U.S. and other countries responded by fighting to
  drive the Iraqi soldiers out of Kuwait.

George H. Bush, Colin Powell
Saddam Hussein
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Persian Gulf War

• Cause
• Iraq invaded Kuwait for control of their oil
  resources

• Effect
• U.N. put a trade embargo in place to prevent Iraq
  from importing oil
• International Armed force began attacks on Iraq,
  first bombing and then ground troops
• 100 hours after coalition troops arrived the
  Iraqis surrendered
• Iraqi forces set oil wells on fire causing
  environmental and economic problems

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U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan

• Islamic terrorist groups were on the rise in
  Middle East countries.
• The Taliban, an extremist Islamic group, was in
  control of Afghanistan.
• Al-Qaeda, a terrorist group lead by Osama Bin
  Laden, planned an attack on America. Their
  target was the Twin Towers in New York City, the
  Pentagon, and the White House.

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Afghanistan

• Cause
• The U.S. held Osama Bin Laden responsible for
  9-11
• Asked Afghanistans Taliban for the surrender of
  Osama

• Effect
• 10/01- U.S. forces began bombing the Taliban air
  defense, airfields, and command centers.
• Struck Al-Qaeda training camps
• Assisted rebel groups opposing Taliban
• U.S. drove Taliban from power and weakened
  Al-Qaeda

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U.S. Invasion of Iraq

• Iraq was suspected of having weapons of mass
  destruction, and Saddam Hussein was committing
  crimes against humanity scud missile attacks on
  Shia Muslims in the South and biological weapons
  against the Sunni Kurds in the North.

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Iraq War

• Effect
• U.S., Britain, Australia, and others invaded Iraq
  on March 20, 2003
• April 9, 2003 Husseins regime was toppled

• Cause
• Bush believed that Saddam Hussein was hiding
  dangerous weapons
• Fear of U.S. terrorist attack

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Where are we today?

• Al Qaeda is still in tact and is believed to be
  located in Pakistan.
• Saddam Hussein was hung (December 2006) and U.S.
  combat troops have pulled out of Iraq.
• Osama Bin Laden was found and killed by the Navy
  Seals in Afghanistan in May of 2011.
• 2014 ISIS bombings in Iraq could lead to
  troops returning.