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Conflicts in the Middle East

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Title: Conflicts in the Middle East


1
Conflicts in the Middle East
  • Chapter 17
  • Section 3

2
Middle East
3
Middle EastLand of Conflict
  • For decades, the Middle East has been the
    location of conflict
  • Modern Israel was created in 1948 on land that
    had belonged to Palestinian Arabs following the
    UN Partition vote in 1947
  • As a result, there has been repeated war and
    violence between Israel and the Arab countries
  • In several wars against Egypt and other Arab
    states, Israel gained more territory after
    defeating the Arab countries
  • This is called the occupied territories land
    that Arab states believes belongs to them

4
(No Transcript)
5
Israels War of Independence (1948)
Arab countries invaded Israel from Syria,
Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt with the mutual goal
of destroying Israel. Israel defeated these Arab
armies in 1948.
6
Israel in 1947 and 1949
7
Palestinians
  • The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led
    by Yasir Arafat, fought against the Israelis
  • In the occupied territories, Palestinians
    launched uprisings called intifadas
  • In addition, suicide bombers spread terror inside
    Israel by blowing themselves up to kill innocent
    civilians
  • The Israelis have responded with armed force to
    protect their citizens, and Palestinian
    bitterness increased
  • Leaders such as Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak
    Rabin, pushed for peace with the Palestinians
    over many years

8
Suicide Bomber
9
Suicide Bomber Training for an Attack
10
Yasir Arafat leader of the Palestine Liberation
Organization (PLO)
The PLO has been branded a terrorist organization
by many countries.
11
Palestinian Intifada
12
Obstacles to Peace
  • There were many stumbling blocks, however, such
    as disagreements over Jerusalem, a city sacred to
    Jews, Christians, and Muslims
  • During the early 2000s, new steps toward peace
    offered some hope, but serious obstacles remained

13
Jerusalem
14
Lebanon
  • Lebanon is home to diverse ethnic and religious
    groups
  • The government depended on a delicate balance
    among Arab Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shiite
    Muslims, and Druze
  • In 1975, Christian and Muslim militias battled
    each other, and both Israel and Syria invaded
  • Lebanons civil war lasted for 15 years, until
    1990, when peace was finally restored
  • Thousands of Lebanese died during the civil war

15
Lebanon
16
Lebanons Civil War
17
Iraq
  • Conflicts also plagued Iraq
  • Iraqs Sunni Muslim minority dominated the
    country for centuries and oppressed other Iraqi
    ethnic and religious groups
  • The Kurdish minority and Shiite majority were
    excluded from power
  • In 1979, Saddam Hussein seized power as dictator
  • He fought a prolonged war against neighboring
    enemy Iran in the 1980s (Sept. 22,1980-August 20,
    1988)

18
Saddam Hussein
19
Iraq
20
Distribution of Sunni and Shiite Muslims Worldwide
21
Iran-Iraq War
22
Iraq (continued)
  • In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait to seize Kuwaiti oil
    fields
  • In response, the USA led a coalition against that
    invasion
  • In the Gulf War that followed, Kuwait was
    liberated and Iraqi forces were crushed
  • Saddam Hussein remained in power and used terror
    to impose his will
  • The USA, France, and Britain set up no-fly zones
    to protect the Kurds and Shiites from Husseins
    persecution and extermination

23
First Gulf War
24
First Gulf War
25
Oil Fields Set Ablaze During the First Gulf War
26
No Fly Zones in Iraq
27
Iraq (continued)
  • The United Nations worked to keep Saddam Hussein
    from building biological, nuclear, or chemical
    weapons, called weapons of mass destruction
    (WMDs)
  • In 2003, the United States led a coalition that
    invaded Iraq and overthrew Saddam Hussein
  • Iraqi insurgents fought against the occupation
    that followed
  • In 2005, national elections were held in Iraq for
    the first time
  • Saddam Hussein was executed December 30, 2006

28
Weapons of Mass Destruction
29
Weapon of Mass Deception
30
Powerpoint Questions
  • 1. What is the name of the land given to the
    territory Israel acquired over successive wars?
  • 2. Who was the leader of the Palestinian
    Liberation Organization (PLO)?
  • 3. Rebellious uprisings are called ??
  • 4. What Israeli leader pushed for peace despite
    these uprisings?
  • 5. What city is claimed by Jews, Christians, and
    Muslims?

31
Powerpoint Questions
  • 6. What event happened in Lebanon beginning in
    1975? Explain.
  • 7. Who seized power in Iraq in 1979?
  • 8. What country did Iraq fight for 8 years?
  • 9. What country did Iraq invade in 1990?
  • 10. Why did Iraq invade this country?
  • 11. Why did the United States led coalition
    establish a no-fly zone over Iraq? Explain.

32
Powerpoint Questions
  • 12. What were the two no-fly zones called? (2
    points)
  • 13. Define weapons of mass destruction.
  • 14. How did the USA address the Iraq problem in
    2003?
  • 15. What happened on December 30, 2006?
  • 16. Critical thinking What does the cartoon
    with George W. Bush suggest?

33
The End
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