The Rock Cycle

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In This Lesson You Will Review...

• the three types of rocks and how they are formed.
• to identify rock samples from each of the three
  groups.
• uses for of the rocks identified in the lesson.

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The Rock Cycle
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The Rock Cycle

• Igneous rock forms from magma or lava.
  
• Broken pieces can be carried away and
  deposited in layers.
• The layers may be pressed together by the weight
  of material above them or cemented together by
  minerals in water.

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• The sediments can harden into sedimentary rock.
• This rock may become buried by other layers.
• Below the surface of the earth, heat and pressure
  can change the sedimentary rock into metamorphic
  rock.

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• If the metamorphic rock melts, it may be used
  again to form new igneous rock.
• the rock cycle may continue.

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Igneous Rock
lava
magma
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How Igneous Rocks Form

• Igneous means from fire
• formed from molten rock material as it cools and
  hardens
• molten rock below the earths surface is magma
• molten rock on the earths surface is lava
• igneous rocks come from either

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Igneous
obsidian
pumice
basalt
granite
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Igneous Rocks

• obsidian
• granite
• pumice
• basalt

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Obsidian
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Obsidian

• forms when lava cools quickly
• called volcanic glass
• sharp edges

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Granite
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Granite

• formed by slowly cooling magma
• colors in dots
• contains coarse grained minerals

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Pumice
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Pumice

• forms from quickly cooling lava
• contains holes / light weight
• can float in water

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Basalt
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basalt

• black
• has air holes
• makes up the Hawaiian Islands

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Sedimentary Rock
sediments
river bed
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How Sedimentary Rocks Form

• sedimentum means to settle
• rocks form from sediments that have been pressed
  together
• sediments come from
• plant or animal remains
• minerals dissolved in water
• large rocks that have broken up

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Sedimentary
conglomerate
sandstone
limestone
shale
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Sedimentary Rocks

• conglomerate
• sandstone
• limestone
• shale

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conglomerate
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conglomerate

• made of pebble sized rocks cemented together with
  mud
• usually found near beaches

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sandstone
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sandstone

• composed of sand quartz
• granular appearance
• used in building materials

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limestone
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limestone

• formed from the mineral calcite and sediments
• chalk

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shale
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shale

• made from mud
• formed in layers
• component of bricks

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Metamorphic Rocks

• meta means change
• morphe means form
• rocks have been changed by heat and pressure
• this is called metamorphism

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Metamorphic Rock
heat
marble
limestone
pressure
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How Metamorphic Rocks Form

• formed from existing rocks
• rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure
• igneous or sedimentary rocks
  can be changed into metamorphic rocks

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Metamorphic
gneiss
marble
schist
slate
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Types of Metamorphic Rock

• marble
• gneiss
• schist
• slate

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Marble
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marble

• colored layers may be made smooth and shiny
• has colorful veins
• formed from limestone

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gneiss
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gneiss

• can see particles
• made from granite
• wavy bands of dark and light
  layers

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Schist
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Schist

• formed from quartz, feldspar and mica
• has shiny flakes
• bands or stripes

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Slate
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slate

• formed from shale
• splits easily into flat sheets
• used to make chalkboards

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Review Game
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The word igneous means...

• A. from fire
• B. from water
• C. to be ignited

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What is magma?

• A. molten rock on the earths surface
• B. molten rock below the earths surface
• C. volcanic ash

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What is lava?

• A. an abrasive in soap
• B. molten rock above the earths surface
• C. molten rock below the earths surface

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Igneous rock forms from .

• A. lava
• B. magma
• C. either lava or magma

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Obsidian, granite, pumice, and basalt are
examples of ..

• A. igneous rocks.
• B. sedimentary rocks.
• C. metamorphic rocks.

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The nickname for this rock is volcanic glass

• A. pumice
• B. shale
• C. obsidian

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This rock is has colored dots.

• A. pumice
• B. granite
• C. marble

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This rock can float in water.

• A. pumice
• B. limestone
• C. sandstone

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The Hawaiian Islands are made of this rock.

• A. obsidian
• B. basalt
• C. sandstone

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Sedimentum means.

• A. to settle
• B. solid rock
• C. move slowly

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Sedimentary rocks form from...

• A. sediments pressed together.
• B. rocks cemented together.
• C. both A and B

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Conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone are
examples of .

• A. sedimentary rocks.
• B. igneous rocks.
• C. metamorphic rocks.

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A rock made from pebble sized rocks cemented
together with mud.

• A. sandstone
• B. limestone
• C. conglomerate

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This rock is made from mud and forms in layers.

• A. shale
• B. slate
• C. gneiss

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This rock is made from granite.

• A. marble
• B. schist
• C. sandstone

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These rocks are formed from existing rocks.

• A. igneous rocks
• B. sedimentary rocks
• C. metamorphic rocks

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Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are placed
under .

• A. mud in a river bed.
• B. frozen ice.
• C. heat and pressure.

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Metamorphic rocks form from...

• A. igneous rocks.
• B. sedimentary rocks.
• C. both A and B

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This rock is formed from quartz, feldspar and
mica.

• A. schist
• B. marble
• C. gneiss

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This rock makes chalk marks

• A. sandstone
• B. limestone
• C. slate

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Name this rock..

• A. gneiss
• B. granite
• C. marble

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Name this rock..

• A. obsidian
• B. basalt
• C. marble

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Name this rock..

• A. sandstone
• B. pumice
• C. conglomerate

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End of Presentation