Rocks and The Rock Cycle

1
Rocks and The Rock Cycle

• Rock is a solid material made up of one or more
  minerals or other substances, including the
  remains of once-living things.

2
Types of Rocks

• Igneous Rock
• Sedimentary Rock
• Metamorphic Rock

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Igneous Rock

• Igneous rock forms when magma or lava cools and
  hardens.

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Igneous Intrusive Rocks are formed from magma
beneath the surface.

• gabbo
• granite
• pegmatite
• diorite

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Igneous Extrusive Rocks are formed from lava on
the surface

• andesite
• pumice
• scoria
• obsidian

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Sedimentary Rock

• Sedimentary rock forms when particles of rock and
  other materials are pressed and stuck together
• Erosion moves sediment from place to place on
  Earths surface.
• Sediment is laid down in a process called
  deposition.
• Slowly thick layers of sediment build up and the
  weight of the layers above presses down on the
  layers below. The process is call compaction,
  squeezes the layers of sediment together.
• Another process, called cementation, glues the
  sediment together.

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Three major types of sedimentary rocks

• 1. Clastic rocks are pieces of rocks that have
  been pressed and stuck together.
• siltstone
• conglomerate

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• Organic rock are formed from the remains of
  plants and animals.
• limestone
• coal

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• 3. Chemical Rock areformed when dissolved
  minerals come out of solutions and form crystals.
• iron ore
• rock salt

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Metamorphic Rock

• Heat and great pressure deep beneath Earths
  surface can change rock to metamorphic rock
• Sometimes heat from a volcano causes nearby rock
  to become metamorphic rock

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Metamorphic Rocks

• 
  granite becomes
  gneiss

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The Rock Cycle

• Forces inside Earth and the surface produce a
  rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the
  rocks in the crust.
• The rock cycle is a series of processes on and
  beneath Earths surface that slowly change rocks
  from one kind to another.

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Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
change continuously through the rock cycle