Political Organization of Space

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Political Organization of Space

• An Introduction

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Political Concepts in Space

• Territoriality
• Attempt by individual or group to control people,
  phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and
  asserting control over a geographic area

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Political Concepts in Space

• Sovereignty
• having the last say (control) over a territory
  politically or militarily
• Territorial integrity
• Ability of a government to control its territory

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Birth of the Modern State

• Peace of Westphalia (1648)
• Treaty that ended Thirty Years War
• Clearly defined borders, recognition of
  statehood, guarantees of security
• Territory over people

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Nation, State, Nation-State

• We often use nation, state and country
  interchangeably, but there are distinctions
• Nation
• Culturally defined group of people with shared
  past

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Nation, State, Nation-State

• State
• A politically organized territory with
• A permanent population
• A defined territory
• A government

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Nation, State, Nation-State

• Nation-State
• A politically organized area where nation and
  state occupy the same space
• European Model

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Diffusion of Nation-State

• European colonialism
• Colonialism
• Rule by an autonomous power of a subordinate
  power
• Often creates unequal cultural and economic
  relations
• Two waves
• 16th Century Americas
• 19th Century Africa/Asia

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Diffusion of Nation-State

• Colonial administration
• Europeans replicate political organization of
  home country
• Administrative regions survive as independent
  states today
• Often, colonial borders have little to do with
  ethnicity or national identity

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Democracy

• People, rather than monarchy or colonizer, are
  ultimate sovereign
• Nation is associated with state

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Types of States

• Multinational State
• More than one nation in its borders

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Multistate Nation

• When a nations boundaries cross two or more
  states

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Stateless Nation

• A people (nation) without a state of their own

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Enclave

• A nation or state completely surrounded by
  another state
• Lesotho in South Africa
• Any enclaves in the United States?

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Enclaves in America
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Exclave

• Part of a nation or state that is not connected
  to the rest of the state
• Kaliningrad, Russia
• Are there any US exclaves?

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American Exclaves