Air and Space Functions < < L18 > >

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Air and Space Functionslt lt L18 gt gt
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• If you are an AIRMAN then you believe
• that airpower, if used in certain ways,
• will achieve victory more quickly
• than if used in other ways.

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Overview

• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Functions of Air Space Power
• Strategic Attack
• Counterair
• Counterspace
• Counterland
• Countersea
• Information Operations
• Combat Support
• Command and Control

• Functions of Air Space Power
• Airlift
• Air Refueling
• Spacelift
• Special Operations
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Intelligence
• Combat Search and Rescue

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Levels of Air Space Doctrine

• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Basic
• Operational
• Tactical

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3 Levels of Doctrine

• Basic Doctrine (AFDD 1)
• Most fundamental and enduring beliefs that guide
  proper use of air space forces
• NOT a checklist or scientific formula
• Operational Doctrine (AFDD 2)
• More detailed organization of air space forces
• Tactical Doctrine
• Most detailed
• Codified in AFTTP 3-series (Air Force Tactics,
  Techniques, and Procedures)

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Strategic Attack

• strategic attackgenerating effects that most
  directly achieve our national security objectives
  by affecting the adversarys leadership, conflict
  sustaining resources and strategy.
• Points where
• the enemy is most vulnerable
• an attack will have the best chance of being
  decisive

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Strategic Attack

• Possible strategic attack targets
• National leadership
• Command Control (C2)
• War production facilities
• Infrastructure
• Striking enemy in the core
• Bring enemy to their knees
• Stop enemys will to fight

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Counterair

• ... attain and maintain...air superiority by
• the destruction, degradation or disruption of
  enemy forces

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Counterair

• Offensive Counterair (OCA)
• Take the fight to the enemy
• Engage over or near their territory
• Defensive Counterair (DCA)
• Enemy brings the fight to you
• Engage over or near our territory
• DCA has not been very effective, historically

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Impact of Counterair

• Traditional ground war defense gtgtgt offense
• Air war offense gt defense
• Ability to mass quickly and decisively
• Speed prevents effective enemy defensive
  response
• Range (Air can strike at enemys
  core)
• SURPRISE

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Potential Counterair Targets

• Aircraft
• Aircrews
• Airbases and launch facilities
• Warning and control facilities
• Surface based air defense

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Counterair Targets(Airbases or Launch
Facilities)

• Airbases or Launch Facilities

• If the aircraft cant be flown, theyre not a
  threat
• theyre a static display
• Very efficient way to destroy aircraft
• Lower threat on the ground
• 1967 Arab/Israeli war85
• Hickam Field (7 Dec 41)
• Can also attack logistics
• POL, munitions, runways air traffic control
  tower, etc

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Counterair Targets(Aircraft)

• AIRCRAFT
• Traditional role most people think about
• Using aircraft to hunt down other aircraft on the
  ground to destroy them before they launch
• Air-to-Air Combat (Dog fighting)
• Good opportunity to destroy both crews and
  airframes
• Can be extremely dangerous for aircrews and air
  frames

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Counterair Targets(Aircrews)

• AIRCREWS
• You need someone to fly the plane!
• Cost time to train a pilot are very significant
• Attack in the air
• Attack on the ground

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Counterair Targets (Airbases or Launch
Facilities)

• If the aircraft cant be flown, theyre not a
  threat
• Very efficient way to destroy aircraft (on the
  ground)
• Can attack logistics
• POL, munitions, etc

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Counterair Targets(Warning And Control
Facilities)

• Effectively eliminate the enemys ability to
  think, communicate, or gather intelligence
• Render enemy deaf, dumb, and blind...
• Information Warfare
• Disrupt enemy information capabilities
• Enemy incapable of mounting coordinated defense
  effort

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Counterair Targets(Surface Based Air Defenses)

• SURFACE BASED AIR DEFENSES
• Surface to air missiles (SAMs)
• Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA)
• Extremely lethal to aircraft

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Counterspace

• ... kinetic and non-kinetic operations conducted
  to attain and maintain... space superiority by
  the destruction, degradation or disruption of
  enemy space capability

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Counterspace

• Offensive Counterspace (OCS)
• Deny, degrade, disrupt, destroy or deceive an
  adversarys space capability.
• Destroy or neutralize enemys space systems or
  information they provide.
• Defensive Counterspace (DCS)
• Active passive actions which protect our
  space-related capabilities from enemy attack or
  interference.

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Counterspace

• Offensive Counterspace
• Deception
• Disruption
• Denial
• Degradation
• Destruction

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Counterspace

• Defensive Counterspace
• Active passive actions which protect our
  space-related capabilities from enemy attack or
  interference

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Counterland

• air and space operations against enemy land
  force capabilities to create effects that achieve
  JFC objectives.

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Counterland

• Interdiction
• Close Air Support (CAS)

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Counterland(Interdiction)

• Divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemys
  surface military potential before it can be used
  effectively against friendly forces.
• Two types of targets for interdiction attacks
• Military weapon systems (tanks/artillery/infantry)
  
• Military supplies (POL)

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Counterland(Interdiction)

• One of airpowers most flexible and powerful uses
• Strike at enemy forces w/o having to fight them
• Disrupts enemys offensive operations
• Very powerful force enhancer

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Counterland(CAS)

• Air operations against hostile targets in close
  proximity to friendly forces
• Occurs on or near battlefield

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Countersea(Collateral Function)

• ...extensions of Air Force functions into a
  maritime environment
• Objective
• Gain control of the medium
• Support naval forces
• Can include
• Surveillance, antiship warfare, protect sealines,
  aerial mine laying

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Information Operations

• Actions taken to influence, affect, or defend
  information, systems, and/or decision-making to
  create effects across the battlespace
• Focus countering the enemys ability to attain
  an information advantage

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Information Operations

• Types of Operations
• Influence
• Electronic warfare
• Network combat

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Information Operations

• Influence operations
• employ capabilities to affect behaviors, protect
  operations, communicate commanders intent, and
  project accurate information to achieve desired
  effects across the cognitive battlespace.
• Electronic warfare operations
• are those military actions involving the use of
  electromagnetic and directed energy to control
  the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the
  enemy across the electromagnetic battlespace.
• Network combat operations
• are the integrated planning and employment of
  military capabilities to achieve desired effects
  across the digital battlespace. Network combat
  operations are conducted in the information
  domain, which is composed of hardware, software,
  data, and human components.

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Combat Support

• essential capabilities, functions, activities
  and tasks necessary to create and sustain air and
  space forces.
• Includes
• Procurement, maintenance, distribution, and
  replacement of personnel and material

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Command Control (C2)

• exercise of authority and direction by a
  properly designated commander over assigned and
  attached forces

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Command Control (C2)

• C2 includes the battlespace management process of
  planning, directing, coordinating, and
  controlling forces operations
• Accomplished across the entire range of military
  operations

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Airlift

• The transportation of personnel and material
  through the air and can be applied across the
  entire range of military operations to achieve or
  support national objectives.

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Airlift

• Its critical in the support of overall national
  policy and objectives and a vital component of
  the US defense policy because of the ability to
  deliver essentially anything needed for a battle.
  Our airlift capabilities are second to none!

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Airlift

• Four delivery concepts
• Airland delivery
• Airdrop
• Hub and Spoke operations
• Direct delivery operations

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Air Refueling

• Air refueling is the in-flight transfer of fuel
  between tanker and receiver aircraft

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Air Refueling

• Expands commanders employment options by
  increasing
• Range
• Payload
• Loiter time
• Flexibility
• By increasing range it is a force enabler
• By increasing payload it is a force multiplier

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Spacelift

• Delivers satellites, payloads, and material to or
  through space.
• 4 Purposes of Spacelift
• Deploy space systems
• Sustain existing space systems
• Augment existing space systems
• Service and maintain existing/new space systems
• Two Approaches
• Launch-on-schedule
• Launch-on-demand

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Special Operations Employment

• The use of special airpower operations to conduct
  unconventional warfare, direct action, special
  reconnaissance, counterterrorism, foreign
  internal defense, psychological operations, and
  counter proliferation

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Special Ops Employment

• Accomplish tasks at all 3 levels of war
• Low-visibility, covert, clandestine ops
• Usually conducted in enemy-controlled or
  politically sensitive territories
• Used as means to control escalation
• Conventional force use may be undesirable
• Can operate independently from theater commander
  forces
• Require careful coordination!

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Surveillance

• The function of systematically observing air,
  space, surface/subsurface areas, places, persons,
  or things by visual, aural electronic,
  photographic or other means

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Surveillance

• A continuing process!
• Not oriented toward a specific target
• Air- space-based surveillance assets exploit
  elevation
• Detects enemy initiatives at long range

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Reconnaissance

• obtaining specific information about the
  activities and resources of an enemy through
  visual observation or other detection methods or
  by securing data concerning the meteorological,
  hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a
  particular area.

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Reconnaissance

• Surveillance Reconnaissance must operate
  together to ensure proper Intelligence!

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Intelligence

• product resulting from the collection,
  processing, integration, analysis, evaluation,
  and interpretation of available information
  concerning foreign countries or areas.
  

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Intelligence

• The overall objective of intelligence is to
  provide battlespace awareness to commanders and
  combat forces to enable them to successfully
  plan, operate, and assess results across the
  range of military operations.
• Provides
• Indications of enemy intentions
• Guides decisions on how, when, where to engage
  enemy
• Gives commanders
• Best estimate of enemy capabilities
• COGs
• Courses of action

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Combat Search Rescue

• a specific task performed by rescue forces to
  recover isolated personnel during war or military
  operations short of war.

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Combat Search Rescue

• Key element in sustaining morale, cohesion, and
  war-fighting capability of friendly forces
• Denies enemy potential intel sources
• Preserves combat resources

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Summary

• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Functions of Air Space Power
• Strategic Attack
• Counterair
• Counterspace
• Counterland
• Countersea
• Information Operations
• Combat Support
• Command Control (C2)

• Functions of Air Space Power
• Airlift
• Air Refueling
• Spacelift
• Special Operations Employment
• Intelligence
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Combat Search Rescue

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• QUESTIONS ? ? ?

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Homework

• Prepare for Lesson 19
• Air Space System Capabilities