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LEPTOSPIROSIS

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LEPTOSPIROSIS Leptospirosis A common zoonotic disease Caused by L.interrogans and L.biflexa Rats common hosts Organism shed in the urine Enters the body-skin ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: LEPTOSPIROSIS


1
LEPTOSPIROSIS
2
Leptospirosis
  • A common zoonotic disease
  • Caused by L.interrogans and L.biflexa
  • Rats common hosts
  • Organism shed in the urine
  • Enters the body-skin/mucous membrane
  • Organs affected-kidney, liver, meninges, brain

3
Clinical Features
  • Age group of 10-20 yearsmales
  • Malaise, body pain, non specific features of
    viral fever initially
  • Conjunctival suffusion, tendernes in calf and
    lumbar regions
  • Headache, chills, anorexia and jaundice
  • Epigastric pain, tenderness and vomiting

4
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5
  • Second stage occurs after a week
  • Common leptospiral syndrome(CLS)20
  • CLS bleeding tendency5
  • CLS meningitis5
  • CLS involvement of liver, kidney, lungs etc70

6
Other Manifestations
  • Renal failure
  • Meningeal irritation
  • Petechial haemorrhages from skin, mucous membrane
  • Myocarditis
  • Hyptotension
  • Multi organ failure

7
2 types of leptospirosis
  • Anicteric
  • Milder form
  • Fever, Myalgia, Headache, Conjunctival suffusion
  • 90 patients present with this form
  • Icteric(Weils Syndrome)
  • Severe form
  • Jaundice involvement of other organs
  • Oliguria, anuria, proteinuria
  • 5-10 have this type

8
Weils Syndrome
  • Weils syndrome can be defined as severe
    leptospirosis with jaundice accompanied by
    azotemia, haemorrhage, anemia, disturbance in
    consciousness and continued fever
  • Hepato renal syndrome

9
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10
Complications
  • Renal failure
  • Cardiac failure
  • Respiratory failure
  • Severe thrombocytopenia, hemoptysis
  • CNS involvement
  • Pericarditis

11
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12
Differential Diagnosis
  • DHF
  • Typhoid fever
  • Septicemia
  • Pancreatitis
  • Viral hepatitis
  • Falciparum malaria
  • Fulminant hepatic failure

13
Lab Diagnosis
  • IgM specific dot ELISA sensitive and specific
  • MAT and slide agglutination test-screening

14
  • Elevated WBC count with neutrophilia
  • Increaed ESR (about 60mm)
  • Serum Bilirubin-mildy elevatedSGOT/SGPT-mildy
    elevatedHigh levels of CPK

15
Treatment
  • Inj Crystalline Penicilline 20 Lakh units i.v 6th
    hourly
  • Maintain adequate fluids and hydration
  • Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days
  • Children-2 to 4 lakh units/kg of Inj. CP for 7
    days

16
Prevention
  • Avoid infection from animal sources
  • Personal hygiene
  • Disinfection of water sources
  • Health Education
  • Vaccination of animals and rodent control
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