Chemistry Chapter 5

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ChemistryChapter 5

• Lessons 5-1 and 5-2
• Objectives
• To learn to name binary compounds of a metal and
  a nonmetal.

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Binary compounds

• TWO BROAD CLASSES
• Compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal
  (Type I and Type II)
• Compounds that contain 2 nonmetals
• (Type III)

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BINARY IONIC Compounds

• A compound that results from the combination of a
  metal with a nonmetal.
• -The positive ion (cation) gets written first
• -To name these compounds, just name the ions.

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In summary

• Type I compounds The metal present forms only
  one type of cation.
• Type II compounds The metal present can form 2
  or more cations that have different charges.

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Table 5.1
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Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds

1. The cation is always named first and the anion
   second.
2. A simple cation (obtained from a single atom)
   takes its name form the name of the element. For
   example Na is called sodium in the names of
   compounds containing this ion.
3. A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is
   named by taking the first part of the element
   name (the root) and adding ide.

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Practice

• Compound Ions Present Name
• NaCl
• KI
• CaS
• CsBr
• MgO

Individual Practice Open to p. 87-88 Do
Self-Check Exercise 4-1 Complete for HW
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Table 5.2
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Common Names - Exceptions

• H2O water, steam, ice
• NH3 ammonia
• CH4 methane
• NaCl table salt
• C12H22O11 table sugar

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Objectives

• Quiz on Type II cations
• Identify the rules for Type III binary compounds
  (nonmetals)
• Practice naming Type II binary ionic compounds
  and Type III binary compounds

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Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds

• Example Systematic Name Older Name
• Fe2O3
• CuCl2
• HgBr2
• PbI4

ferric oxide
iron(III)oxide
cupric chloride
copper(II) chloride
mercuric bromide
mercury(II) bromide
lead(IV) iodide
plumbic iodide
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Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)

• Objective To learn how to name binary compounds
  containing nonmetals

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Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)
Similar to naming other binary compounds
EXCEPT Type III Binary compounds contain ONLY
NONMETALS
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Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)

1. The 1st element in the formula is named 1st, and
   the full element name is used.
2. The 2nd element is named as though it were an
   anion.
3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms
   present. (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-,
   hexa-, hepta-, octa)
4. The prefix mono- is never used for naming the 1st
   element. (Ex. CO carbon monoxide, not monocarbon
   monoxide).

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Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)
I2O7 CO2 CF4 NH3 PCl3 BF3 NO N2O5
diiodine heptoxide
carbon dioxide
carbon tetrafluoride
ammonia
phosphorous trichloride
boron trifluoride
nitrogen oxide
dinitrogen pentoxide
S
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Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds

• Example Systematic Name Older Name
• Fe2O3
• CuCl2
• HgBr2
• PbI4

ferric oxide
iron(III)oxide
cupric chloride
copper(II) chloride
mercuric bromide
mercury(II) bromide
lead(IV) iodide
plumbic iodide
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Naming Binary Compounds A Review

• Objectives To review the naming of Type I, II,
  and Type III binary compounds

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Figure 5.1 A flow chart for naming binary
compounds.
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Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions

• Objective To learn the names of the common
  polyatomic ions and how to use them in naming
  compounds

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LEARN THIS TABLE
Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen
atoms
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Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen
atoms Smaller number of oxygen atoms
-ite Larger number of oxygen atoms
-ate Prefixes are used when there are more than
2 Hypo (less than) Per ( more than)
Example ClO hypochlorite
ClO2 chlorite
ClO3 chlorate
ClO4 perchlorate
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Practice Naming these compounds
copper(II) nitrate

• Cu(NO3)2
• PbCO3
• KHSO4
• NH4I
• NaCN

lead(II) carbonate
potassium hydrogen sulfate
ammonium iodide
sodium cyanide
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Figure 5.2 Overall strategy for naming chemical
compounds.
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Naming Acids

• Objectives
• 1) To learn how the anion composition determines
  the acids name.
• 2) To learn names for common acids.

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Acids

• Acids certain molecules produce H ions. An
  acid can be viewed as a molecule with one or more
  H ions attached to an anion.

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Naming Acids

• Rules
• If the anion does not contain Oxygen, the acid is
  named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix ic
  attached to the root of the element.

Example HCl
hydrochloric acid
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Naming Acids

• 2) When the anion contains Oxygen, the acid name
  is formed from the root name of the central
  element with a suffix of ic or ous. When the
  anion ends in ate, the suffix-ic is used. When
  the anion ends in ite the suffix, ous is used

Example H2SO4
sulfuric acid
Example H2SO3
sulfurous acid
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Name these Acids
hydrofluoric acid
HF H3PO4 HNO3 HBrO4 H2S
phosphoric acid
nitric acid
bromic acid
hydrosulfuric acid
p.109 Question 24