Social Progressivism

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Social Progressivism

• Government should be accountable to citizens. How
  do we do this today?
• Government should curb the power of the wealthy.
  Does this happen today?
• Government should be given expanded power over
  citizens so that it could help them more. What do
  you think about this?
• Governments should be efficient and not be so
  corrupt. Is this possible?

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Problems to fix

• Immigrants living in tenement housing, turning to
  organized crime
• Urbanization and city growth
• Rise of the political machine (Tammany Hall)
• Poor working conditions (child labor, etc)
• Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes in the South
• Lack of women rights
• Problems were exposed by muckrakers.

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New Beliefs

• Social Gospel
• Sociology August Comte
• Prohibition
• Purity Crusaders
• Emphasis on higher education
• Public education became compulsory
• Philanthropy
• Socialism

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Help with immigration

• Immigrants caused massive urbanization due to
  restrictive covenants and tenement housing. This
  urbanization led to disasters such as the Great
  Chicago Fire.
• This was dramatized in the book How the Other
  Half Lives
• Laws were passed that were supported by nativists
  and worked to end immigration. These laws were
  the Chinese Exclusion Acts, Alien Contract Laws
  and the Gentlemens Agreement.
• Settlement houses were created through out major
  cities to help with immigrants.

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Political Machines

• A political machine was an unofficial city
  organization that tried to keep a certain
  political group in power.
• These often operated on an exchange of favors.
  They often gave jobs or graft in order to gain
  power. This is also called the spoils system.
• The best example of a political machine would be
  William Marcy Tweed (known as Boss Tweed), the
  leader of Tammany Hall. He often padded bills for
  construction contracts in order to bilk millions
  from the city of New York.
• Other bosses Boss Tom Pendergast, The Byrd
  Organization
• Pendleton Civil Service Act attempted to end the
  spoils system.

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Thomas Nast
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Poverty

• Social Gospel Movement a movement that developed
  within religious institutions and believe that
  God wanted people to help the poor
• Charity Organization Movement attempted to
  decide who received charity based on scientific
  principles.
• Settlement Houses a Community center that worked
  to teach immigrants how to adapt to society.
  Examples of this included Hull House and Henry
  Street Settlement.
• Temperance
• Emphasis on education in public schools

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Racism

• Plessy vs. Ferguson Separate but equal
• Violence against African Americans in the South
• De facto segregation in the North not legally
  created but socially enforced
• Voting restrictions poll tax, reading tests and
  grandfather clauses.
• Creation of the NAACP led by Booker T. Washington
  (focused on education) and W.E.B DuBois
• Booker T. Washington believed that African
  Americans should attempt to fit in to white
  culture and began the Tuskegee Institute
• Niagra Movement led by DuBois and vowed to not
  bow to oppression. Focus on Pan Africanism.
  Believed that African Americans should embrace
  and create their own culture.

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Womens Rights

• NAWSA
• Mother Jones and the Wobblies
• Equal Rights Amendment of 1923
• New womens universities
• Civil Disobedience
• Temperance Movement

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Temperance Propaganda
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Other Social Problems

• Problems in food and drug creation Exposed by
  muckraker Upton Sinclair in The Jungle a
  muckraker is someone who stirs up dirt or
  corruption, this is also known as yellow
  journalism
• Dangerous working conditions Exposed by the
  Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and in Ida Tarbells The
  History of the Standard Oil Company
• Progress and Poverty Henry George
• Looking Backward Edward Bellamy

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Reforms that happen

• 16th 19th Amendments
• Pendleton Civil Service Act
• Settlement Houses
• NAACP
• FDA
• Attack on monopolies Underwood Tarrif Act,
  Clayton Antitrust Act, Federal Trade Commission
• Federal Reserve created