4 Goals of Progressivism

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4 Goals of Progressivism

• Chapter 17.1

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Goal 1 Protecting Social Welfare

• Progressives wanted to soften effects of
  industrialization
• YMCA opened libraries, sponsored classes, built
  swimming pools and handball courts
• Salvation Army fed poor people in soup
  kitchens, cared for children, assisted poor
  immigrants

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Examples of Social Reformers

• Jane Adams Hull House
• Settlement house
• Taught English and cared for immigrants
• Laid foundation for professional field of social
  work
• Florence Kelley advocate or improving lives of
  women children
• Illinois Factory Act prohibited child labor and
  limited womens working hours became model for
  other states
• www.icue.com

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Goal 2 Promoting Moral Improvement

• Morality, not the workplace, was the key to
  improving the lives of the poor
• Reformers wanted immigrants to improve their
  personal behavior
• Prohibition banning alcoholic beverages
• Alcohol was undermining American morals

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Examples of Moral Reformers

• Womens Christian Temperance Union
• Entered saloons singing and praying
• Became largest womens group in the nations
  history
• Provided women expanded public roles
• Anti-Saloon League
• Wanted to pass laws against drinking
• Tensions rose with immigrants Culture
  surrounded Saloons
• 1900-1917 almost ½ of the states had votes
  against alcohol

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Goal 3 Creating economic reform

• Panic of 1893
• People began to question capitalist economic
  system

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Economic REformer

• Eugene Debs
• organized Socialist Party in 1901
• Uneven balance between big business, government,
  ordinary people
• Most progressives distanced themselves from
  socialism

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Capitalism/Socialism

• 1.The economic system based on private or
  corporate ownership of, production and
  distribution is
• socialism capitalism feudalism
• 2. This phrase means the government should not
  interfere in the economy
• free enterprise freedom of speech freedom of
  the press
• 3. Competition is a feature of
• socialism capitalism feudalism
• 4. An economic theory or idea that states that
  the government or the state should be in charge
  of economic planning, production and distribution
  of goods.
• socialism capitalism feudalism
• 5. A form of socialism based on the writings of
  Marx and Engels that predominated in the former
  Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at one time and
  predominates in China and Cuba is
• feudalism mercantilism communism

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Capitalism Socialism

• Private or corporate ownership of production and
  distribution of goods
• System of free enterprise
• Laws of supply and demand makes sure economy runs
  smoothly
• Characterized by competition
• Political power accessible to all, economic power
  in the hands of wealthy elite

• Government or state is in charge of economic
  planning and production and distribution of goods
• Collective System (denies economic freedom and
  independence of individual)
• Government ensures that the economy runs smoothly
• Characterized by cooperation
• Economic and political power concentrated in a
  governing elite

• USA, Canada, Great Britain

• China, Cuba, North Korea

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Muckrakers

• Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of
  business and public life in mass circulation
  magazines
• Ida M. Tarbell
• Lincoln Steffens
• Upton Sinclair
• Ray Stannard Baker
• Lewis Hine

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Homework

• In order to gain a deeper understanding of the
  influence of muckrakers on politics and public
  policy, research one of the following muckrakers
  and fill in the chart below. See example.

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Faces of Lost youth

• Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't
  know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but
  can't when I work all the time." Been in the
  mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill.
  Columbia, S.C. Mid - Adolescent girls from Bibb
  Mfg. Co. in Macon, Georgia. Right - Doffer boys.
  Macon, Georgia.

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The mill

• A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill.
  Fall River, Mass.

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miners

• A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been
  driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 530 p.m.
  daily.

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Seafood workers

• Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a
  mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him.
  He worked last year. Understands not a word of
  English. Biloxi, Miss.

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Little salesman

• After 9 p.m., 7 year old Tommie Nooman
  demonstrating the advantages of the Ideal Necktie
  Form in a store window on Pennsylvania Ave. in
  Washington, D.C. His father said, "He is the
  youngest demonstrator in America. Has been doing
  it for several years from San Francisco, to New
  York. We stay a month or six weeks in a place. He
  works at it off and on." Remarks from the
  by-standers were not having the best effect on
  Tommie.

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Fruit pickers

• A berry field on Rock Creek. Whites and blacks,
  old and young, work here from 430 a.m. to sunset
  some days. A long hot day. Rock Creek, Md.

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Child labor reforms

• -National Child Labor Committee
• -Keating-Owen Act in 1916 prohibited
  transportation across state lines of goods made
  by child laborers.
• -By 1918 all states had child labor laws

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Goal 4 fostering efficiency

• Make society and the workplace more efficient
• Used data from social scientists to show the
  costs of working long hours
• Factories
• Government

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Workplace

• Taylorism trying to improve efficiency by
  breaking manufacturing tasks into smaller part
• Henry Ford reduced workday to 8 hours and paid
  people 5 a day
• Realized if he pays people well he was creating
  customers

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1916 Ford model t advertisement
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Reforming government

• Political machine/grafting
• Natural disasters cause change
• Hurricane in Galveston TX in 1900
• (Hurricane Gustav Current Events
  Connection!!)
• Flood in Dayton Ohio

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Town reforms

• Reform Mayors
• Set up fairer tax structures, lowered fares for
  public transportation, rooted out coruption,
  system of relief for unemployed
• Socialist Mayors (Detroit)
• Made gasworks, waterworks, transit lines publicly
  owned (owned by town)

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Reforms at the state level

• Reform Governors Robert M. La Follette,
  Wisconsin
• Regulated big business, target Railroads
• Protecting Children Women
• Keating Owen Act of 1916
• banned transport across state lines of child-made
  products
• Muller V. Oregon
• 10 hour workday women
• Bunting v. Oregon
• 10 hour workday for men

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Reforming elections

• Initiative
• Bill originated by people rather than lawmakers
• Referendum
• Allows voters to vote on the initiative
• Recall
• Enable voters to remove public officials from
  office by calling for another election mid-term

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Direct election of senators

• 17th Amendment
• Senators were previously appointed by state
  legislature
• Populists and other fought to get the power out
  of the hands of City Bosses
• 17th Amendment ratified in 1913

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Government reform gave more Americans a voice in
politics.

• INCLUDING WOMEN