Declared and Undeclared Intentions

1
Declared and Undeclared Intentions
2
Declared Intentions

• Help Kuwait which was invaded. Iraq invaded
  Kuwait (2 August 2004).
• punish who violated human rights Iraq, in its
  invasion of Kuwait had perpetrated many
  atrocities on the Kuwait people, from summary
  executions, to the torture and degradation of
  individuals.
• prevent production of chemical, biological
  weapons and the Atomic Bomb,Iraq had been
  vigorous in developing weapons of mass
  destruction. And some CIA experts thought that
  Iraq had a biological weapons capability and
  feared the possibility that Iraq could develop
  the ability to build nuclear weapons. About the
  chemical weapon, Iraq did not hide anything and
  had even used it on villages within their own
  boundaries (in order to put down the Kurdish
  independent movement).

3

• send military force to Kuwait because economic
  sanction to Iraq did not stop Kuwait invasion.
  Indeed economic sanction had failed to keep
  Saddam Hussein from committing atrocities, they
  had failed to keep him from developing weapons of
  mass destruction, they had failed to keep him
  from invading Kuwait. So U.S. military force was
  not only justified, but absolutely necessary.

4
Undeclared Intention

• The United States and its alliesdecision to
  fight the Iraqi invasion had more to do with
  preventing an attack on Saudi Arabia, a nation of
  far more economic importance to the world than
  Kuwait,
• support for U.S. long-time ally Saudi Arabia
  which was supplier of oil.
• (Satellite photos showed Iraqs forces along
  Saudi Arabia borders)
• Iraqi control of oil fields as well as Kuwait and
  Iraqi reserves would have given it control of the
  majority of the world's reserves.

5
Operation Desert Storm

• air and ground assault phases of the first Gulf
  War against Iraq

6
2 Phases

• Air Force
• Ground Force

7
The Air War
The air campaign was launched on January 16th
1991, the day after the United States deadline
for Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait. It was a very
powerful attack conducted by the United States,
French, British, Saudi, Italian and various Arab
Air Forces that shocked all in the world.  
8
First the Coalition attacked radar installations.
Then went to Baghdad to destroy command and
control centers, air bases and hangars were
bombed. So they weakened all aspects of Iraqi air
defense. This attack was devastating, and Iraq
realized that they were not as powerful as the
Coalition, so they tried psychological methods
they used human hostages as shield for prime
targets. Moreover, they placed their aircraft
near ancient historic sites and holy places
knowing that the Coalition would not attack where
it might be significant collateral damage. On
January 24th Iraq wanted to demonstrate their own
air offensive capability they attacked the major
Saudi oil refinery, but they were defeated by the
Allies and made no more air efforts.
9
The Coalition degraded Iraqi capability to fight
on the ground with fuel bombs, cluster bombs,
armor piercing guided bombs, missiles entire
regiments, brigades and divisions crushed in a
few minutes.
10
The Ground War
Air war defeated the Iraqi forces in Kuwait and
the ground campaign was merely a prisoner
roundup. However without forces on the ground
it is impossible to hold territories
11
On February 24th 1991 the much feared Marine
Division began the ground campaign. Then all
members of the Coalition fought from all parts of
Kuwait country. They were only one highway out
of Kuwait the four lane desert highway that lead
from Kuwait City to the Al Jahrapass. This
highway was bombed and thousands of fleeing
Iraqis were killed and wounded. As the Coalition
had cut off this highway, the leader determined
that the objective had been accomplished. On
February the 28th President Bush ordered the
cessation of military operations.