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Ida B. Wells-Barnett

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Title: Ida B. Wells-Barnett


1
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
July 16, 1862- March 25, 1931 A Reformer for
Racial Equality
2
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
  • Educator
  • Anti-lynching crusader
  • Suffragist
  • Women's rights advocate
  • Journalist
  • Speaker
  • Born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862
  • Died in Chicago, Illinois in 1931 at age 69

3
Family
  • Oldest daughter of James and Lizzie Wells
  • Parents enslaved prior to Civil War
  • Supported 7 children because her mother was a
    "famous" cook and
  • Her father was a skilled carpenter

4
Early Years
  • When Ida was 14
  • An epidemic of Yellow Fever swept through Holly
    Springs
  • Killed her parents and youngest sibling
  • She kept family together by teaching
  • Continued education at near-by Rust College
  • Moved to Memphis to live with her aunt
  • Helped raise her youngest sisters

5
Racial and Gender Justice
  • In Memphis, she began to fight for racial and
    gender justice.
  • 1884 conductor of Chesapeake Ohio Railroad
    Company asked her to give seat on train to a
    white man
  • She had a first class ticket
  • Ordered her into the smoking or "Jim Crow" car

6
Experiencing Discrimination
  • Forcibly removed from train
  • She bit one of the men on the hand
  • Wells sued the railroad, winning a 500
    settlement in a circuit court case.
  • Decision was later overturned by the Tennessee
    Supreme Court

7
Social Context1865 Reconstruction Begins
  • 13th Amendment Abolished slavery
  • 14th Amendment Equal protection under the law to
    all U.S. citizens
  • 15th Amendment Cannot deny rights based on race
  • Freedman's Bureau Provided food, clothing,
    hospitals, help with employment, and schools for
    blacks in the South

8
Law and Reality
  • Despite 1875 Civil Rights Act banning
    discrimination on the basis of race, creed, or
    color
  • In theaters, hotels, transports, and other public
    accommodations
  • Several railroad companies racially segregated
    passengers

9
Social Context1866 Ku Klux Klan
  • KKK formed by white southerners
  • Angry that African Americans
  • Could participate in politics and hold government
    offices
  • Wore white robes and high pointed hats
  • KKK A terrorist organization
  • Persecuting blacks and other minorities

10
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11
Anti-lynching Campaign
  • In 1892 three of her friends were lynched.
  • Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and Henry Stewart.
  • Owners of People's Grocery Company
  • Had taken away customers from white businesses

12
Lynching
  • Group of angry white men tried to "eliminate
    competition
  • Attacked People's grocery
  • Owners fought back
  • Shooting one of the attackers
  • Owners of People's Grocery were arrested
  • Lynch-mob broke into the jail
  • Brutally murdered all three men

13
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14
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15
1892 Crusade against Lynching
  • Police refused to arrest killers
  • Wells tried to start a boycott against
    white-owned stores and public transportation
  • Between 1885 1901 more than 2,000 Blacks were
    lynched.

16
Anti-lynching Activism
  • She was editor and co-owner of local Black
    newspaper, Free Speech and Headlight
  • Used the newspaper to attack lynching and racism
  • Newspaper store was burned

17
Anti-lynching
  • Wells also encouraged Blacks to move West.
  • Her life in danger, Ida left for England to find
    work
  • Returned to the US, moved to Chicago

18
Activist
  • In Chicago, she helped develop numerous African
    American women organizations
  • Diligent in her anti-lynching crusade
  • Worker for women's suffrage

19
Womens Suffrage
  • Participated in famous 1913 march for universal
    suffrage in Washington, D.C.
  • Unable to tolerate any injustice
  • Ida B. Wells, along with Jane Addams
  • Blocked establishment of segregated schools in
    Chicago

20
Lawyer Inez Milholland prepares to lead the
Suffrage Parade, on March 3, 1913.
21
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22
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23
Marriage and Retirement
  • 1895 Wells married editor of one of Chicago's
    early Black newspapers
  • She wrote "I was married in the city of Chicago
    to Attorney F. L. Barnett, and retired to what I
    thought was the privacy of a home."
  • Did not stay retired long
  • Continued writing and organizing

24
1909--NAACP
  • In 1909, she joined with W.E.B. DuBois and others
    to form the NAACP
  • The NAACP was formed to aid African Americans
    who were victims of violence or discrimination
  • She was among few Black leaders to explicitly
    oppose Booker T. Washington and his strategies

25
Crusader to the End
  • As late as 1930, she became disgusted by
  • nominees of major parties to state legislature
  • Wells-Barnett decided to run for the Illinois
    State
  • Legislature
  • One of first Black women to run for public office
    in
  • the United States
  • A year later, she passed away after a lifetime
  • crusading for justice.

26
Billie Holiday
  • Strange Fruit
  • Published in1937 as a poem.
  • https//www.youtube.com/watch?vh4ZyuULy9zs
  • Written by Abel Meeropol, Jewish family
  • After leaving college he became a teacher in New
    York City.
  • His students included Paddy Chayefsky, Neil Simon
    and James Baldwin.
  • Meeropol was also a member of the American
    Communist Party.
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