Sleep

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Sleep
ION Program Summer 2013
2
electroencephalogram - EEG - record of the
electrical activity of many neurons directly
under the electrode - on the surface of cortex.
This record is made from outside the skin.
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
3
We define sleep stages by the kinds of EEG waves
seen at each stage
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
4
We go through several cycles of sleep each night
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
5
Sleeping patterns change with age
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
6
Two Biological Clocks in the Brain
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
7
Our daily cycle (circadian rhythm) is determined
in part by the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) in
the hypothalamus
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
8
Consequences of Lack of Sleep

• Limits your ability to concentrate and solve
  problems
• Increase acne
• Lead to aggressive or inappropriate behavior
• 100,000 Driving Accidents and 1,500 deaths each
  year from driving drowsy

According to National Sleep Foundation
According to the National Highway Safety
Transportation Administration
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WHY do we sleep? rest/restoration hypothesis we
sleep to replenish energy, repair
tissues evidence marathon runners spend more
time in deep sleep for 2 nights after
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
10
adaptive or preservation/protection theory
its dangerous out there youre safer if you
spend some time hidden and unconscious
evidence large herbivores who must eat
constantly and have trouble hiding sleep LESS -
giraffes 20 min at time 2-3x per day animals
with few natural predators sleep more -
lions smaller animals that dont need to graze
sleep more - bats
Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100 Natural
Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9
Consciousness Spring 2008
11
Memory Consolidation?

• Sleep helps to strengthen or consolidate new
  memories in the brain
• Rats spend more time in REM sleep after learning
  new tasks
• If deprived of REM sleep, weaker recall
• Some of these results inconsistent
• Babies and Infants more time in REM Sleep
• Dolphins dont experience REM