TAKS Objective 3

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Cells and Viruses
Ecosystem
Evolution
Flow of Matter and Energy
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Which of the following factors helps spread
disease-causing bacteria?   F Low
temperatures G Access to new hosts H Mutation
by heat energy J Availability of light
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G Access to new hosts
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Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses
  F cause insect-borne diseases G can be
destroyed by antibiotics H have rigid cell
walls J must be reproduced in living cells
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J must be reproduced in living cells
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Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments,
such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, and
carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because
of bacterias   F biochemical diversity G
small sizes H round shapes J methods of
movement
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F biochemical diversity
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• Bacteria that grow in the presence of the
  antibiotic, penicillin, develop holes in their
  cell walls. Which of the following explains why
  penicillin is effective against some bacteria?
• Water enters the holes in these bacteria and
  causes osmotic rupture.
• B. Penicillin causes the flagella to become
  inactive.
• C. The pili of the bacteria puncture the
  penicillin.
• D. Penicillin produces oxygen, which kills any
  kind of bacteria.

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A. Water enters the holes in these bacteria and
causes osmotic rupture.
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• Clostridium tetani are anaerobes that
  produce a powerful nerve toxin that causes the
  often fatal disease called tetanus. C. tetani are
  found on nearly every surface. Unless a person
  has a current immunization (shot) against
  tetanus, deep puncture wounds can be fatal. Why?
• A. C. tetani can live with or without oxygen.
• B. Puncture wounds dont allow air to enter,
  preventing oxygen in the air from killing the C.
  tetani.
• C. C. tetani have no flagella and thus cannot
  move away from the wound.
• D. C. tetani only form as diplococci.

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A. C. tetani can live with or without oxygen.
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Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are
leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops
get their nourishment from the roots of
beech trees, which reduces the amount of
nutrients available to the trees themselves.
This interaction is best described as   A
predatory B parasitic C commensalistic D
mutualistic
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B parasitic
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Species of the genus Toxicodendron,
which includes poison ivy and poison oak, produce
a gummy oil that causes a severe itchy rash
in some animals. This substance is part of
the Toxicodendron species   F defense
mechanisms G nutritional processes H support
system J clinging ability
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F defense mechanisms
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Which situation best represents a
mutualistic relationship?   A A tapeworm
absorbing nutrients from the intestine of a
dog B An orchid being pollinated by a nectar-
collecting wasp C A human losing blood
to a feeding mosquito D An armadillo rooting in
the soil at the base of an oak tree
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B An orchid being pollinated by a nectar-
collecting wasp
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The table lists four groups of factors found in a
particular ecosystem. Which group consists of
only abiotic factors?   F Group 1 G Group
2 H Group 3 J Group 4
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H Group 3
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• Which of these conclusions can be made
  based on the graphs shown?
• A Larger mosquitoes have migrated into the
  area.
• B Smaller mosquitoes are being eaten by larger
  mosquitoes.
• C A mosquito length of 2 cm has become a
  disadvantage in this environment.
• D Mosquitoes with a body length of 3 cm have
  the longest life span.

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C A mosquito length of 2 cm has become a
disadvantage in this environment.
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Which of the following leaf types is most likely
to help a plant survive in an arid habitat?
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Dolphins and fish are unrelated vertebrates
with similar body shapes that are adapted for
moving efficiently through water. What
evolutionary process is shown by this example?
A. Divergent evolution B. Convergent
evolution C. Reproductive isolation D.
Polyploid speciation
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B. Convergent evolution

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• An albino animal has white skin and hair and pink
  eyes. How can this variation be harmful to an
  organism?
• It prevents the organism from mating.
• Lack of pigment exposes the animal to dangerous
  rays from the Sun.
• It prevents the animal from making its own food.
• Lack of pigment results in geographical isolation
  from other animals in the species.

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A. Lack of pigment exposes the animal to
dangerous rays from the Sun.
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• According to the diagram, how have elephants
  changed over the past 55 million years?
• Their ears have become enlarged and their bodies
  have gotten smaller.
• Their trunks have become longer and their legs
  have become shorter.
• Their bodies have become larger and their trunks
  have become longer.
• Their tusks have become longer and their ears
  have become larger.

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C. Their bodies have become larger and their
trunks have become longer.
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• The table shows an amino acid comparison
  of cytochrome c, a protein involved in cellular
  respiration in aerobic organisms. The two
  organisms in the table that are least genetically
  related are the
• A silkworm moth and the fruit fly
• B silkworm moth and the screwworm fly
• C fruit fly and the screwworm fly
• D fruit fly and the hornworm moth

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B silkworm moth and the screwworm fly
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• Which of the following terms are NOT related?
• Water cycleprecipitation
• Nitrogen cyclenitrogen fixation
• Phosphorus cycleevaporation
• Carbon cyclephotosynthesis

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C. Phosphorus cycleevaporation

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In this food web, the bacteria probably function
as   A producers B herbivores C
decomposers D carnivores
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C decomposers

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• Based on what youve learned about the
  cycling of materials through ecosystems, predict
  which material would most likely be added to a
  chemical fertilizer to increase soil
  productivity.
• H2O
• CO2
• N2
• D. NO3

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D NO3
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A food pyramid represents the relative amount of
energy in trophic levels. Which of the
following correctly shows a food pyramid?
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The graph shows levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide over the past 250 years. Which statement
best summarizes the trend shown in the graph?
A. Levels of CO2 are rising. B. Levels of CO2
are decreasing. C. Levels of CO2 have remained
the same. D. Levels of CO2 are fluctuating, but
no pattern exists.
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A. Levels of CO2 are rising.