Turbo TAKS

1
Turbo TAKS

• Week 1
• Lesson 1 Graphing
• Lesson 2 Scientific Method
• Lesson 3 Lab Safety/ Equipment
• Lesson 4 Predicting Trends in Data

2
Lesson 1 Graphing
3
Line Graph

• Line graphs are used when one variable
  (independent) affects another, which is the
  dependent variable.
• Useful for predicting trends

4
Whats your conclusion? Is minimum wage
increasing or decreasing over time?
5
Bar Graph

• The data for this graph are non-numerical and
  discrete for at least one variable. There are no
  dependent and independent variables. Axes may be
  reversed to give a graph with the categories on
  the x axis.
• Bar graphs can therefore be drawn horizontally or
  vertically. This type of graph is very useful for
  comparing two or more similar items.

6
What is your conclusion from these results?
7
What question is being answered? Title?
8
Pie Graph (Circle graph)

• As with bar graphs, pie graphs are used when the
  data for one variable are discrete (categories)
  and the data for the other variable are in the
  form of counts (percentages or proportions)
• A circle is divided according to the proportion
  of counts in each category.
• Not suitable for data sets with a very large
  number of categories (more than 6)

9
Should our school require students to wear
uniforms? (student survey)
10
Music Preference for Young Adults (whats your
conclusion?)
11
Lesson 2 Scientific Method
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Scientific Method Procedures

• Observation
• The foundation of the scientific method
• Leads to a question regarding the event or
  characteristic
• Hypothesis
• Is an educated guess
• It is a tentative cause and effect statement.
• Has to be testable
• Is rejected or accepted at the conclusion of an
  experiment

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Terminology

• Hypothesis a possible answer to a scientific
  question (Q How will studying affect my test
  score? Hypo If I study for then my test score
  will)
• Prediction states the expected outcome of an
  experiment designed to test the hypothesis (My
  test score will)
• Inference a logical interpretation based on
  prior knowledge and experience (I have always
  done poorly in science, so I will do poorly this
  time too.)

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Scientific Method Procedures

• Experiment
• Experiments must be repeatable and reproducible.
• dependent variable - this will be the single
  observation, or the result we will be observing.
• independent variable - this will be the single
  variable we elect to manipulate.
• controlled variables - these are factors that we
  will keep constant (keep controlled) during the
  experiment, so that they do not affect the
  dependent variable.

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Scientific Method Procedures

• Collect/ Analyze Data
• Always report ALL results (the good, the bad, and
  the ugly!)
• Look for patterns in the data
• Conclusion
• WHAT HAPPENED AND WHY?

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Lesson 3 Lab Safety/ Equipment
Its better to be safe than sorry!
17
Appropriate Clothing/ Dress

• ALWAYS WEAR GOGGLES AND APRONS when told to do
  so!
• Long hair tied back
• Closed toe shoes

18
Accidents, Injuries, Equipment Breaks

• Report any accident or injury to your teacher
  IMMEDIATELY!
• If you cannot notify the teacher because of your
  injury have your lab partner tell the teacher!

19
Safety with Gases or Inhalants

• Do not inhale any gas or vapor unless directed to
  do so by your teacher.
• WAFT any scent to your nostrils to ensure that
  you do not destroy the mucus membranes of your
  respiratory system.
• Handle materials that emit vapors or gases in a
  fume/ vent hood.

20
Chemical Storage

• Store chemicals in a clean, dry place.
• NEVER put used chemicals back into the original
  container. This eliminates contamination.

21

• ALWAYS POUR ACID SLOWLY INTO WATER!
• NOT water into acid!

22
Use Common Sense

• When using scalpels, sharp probes, and knives do
  not cut objects while holding them in your hand.
• Cut objects on a suitable work surface. Always
  cut in a direction away from your body.
• Use tongs or insulated/ thermal holders when
  handling heated objects.
• Never point the open end of a test tube at
  yourself or others when heating it

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The 4 Cs

• Caustic capable of burning, corroding, or
  destroying living tissue.
• Carcinogen any substance or agent that tends to
  produce a cancer
• Corrosive having the quality of corroding or
  eating away
• Combustible capable of catching fire and burning

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Hazard Ratings

• Rates hazards from 0-4
• 0 minimal
• 1 slight
• 2 hazardous
• 3 extremely hazardous
• 4- deadly
• Red- Fire
• Yellow- Reactivity
• Blue - Health Risk
• White- Special Info

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Lab Equipment
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Measuring Volume

• Use a graduated cylinder
• Read the bottom of the meniscus
• For an irregular object, use volume displacement.

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Measuring Mass

• Use an electronic (digital) balance or triple
  beam balance

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Other measurements

• Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
• pH is measured with litmus paper or a pH meter.
• Distances are measured with a ruler or a meter
  stick. (There is a ruler on your TAKS formula
  chart.)

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Lesson 4 Predicting Trends in Data

• Test Taking Tip When you are drawing a
  conclusion or predicting a trend in the data, you
  have to base your answer on the data given. This
  means that they have to give you the answer! Do
  NOT rely on anything but what is given to you.
  If an answer choice is about something not
  mentioned or goes against the given data, it is
  NOT the right answer.

30
Lets try

• According to the data in the table, about how far
  can a spring be expected to stretch when a force
  of 3.92 N is applied?
• A 10.5 cm
• B 13.6 cm
• C 14.0 cm
• D 17.3 cm

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Answer C 14.0 cm

• Reasoning each time the force goes up .98, then
  the spring is stretched 3.5 cm.
• 10.5 3.5 14.0 ?

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• The diagram illustrates how some characteristics
  of the horse have changed over time. Along with
  the difference in size, what is another
  anatomical difference between the modern horse
  and its ancestors?
• A The structure of the tooth has been adapted
  for eating meat.
• B The size of the molars has decreased.
• C The length of the forefoot has decreased.
• D The number of toes has decreased.

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Answer D of toes decreased

• Reasoning On left side of table, time goes from
  the bottom (being a long time ago) to the top
  (recent time). Looking at the pictures, you can
  mark off answers A, B, and C.