First Steps in Fighting the Civil War

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First Steps in Fighting the Civil War

• Social Study Survey

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Bellringer Question

• Research and explain the caning of Senator
  Charles Sumner

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Training Ground Mexican War

• Soldiers and Generals used the Mexican War
  (1846-1848) as a training ground for tactics and
  strategies used during the Civil War

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Importance of Bleeding Kansas

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?voWww0YIf-JE
• Ted-Ed video (6 min)

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Controversial Figure John Brown

• Abolitionist leader (along with sons)
• Goal- Wanted to gather weapons to arm the slaves,
  hoping it would lead to slave revolt in the South
• Destination- Harpers Ferry, Virginia (federal
  arsenal)
• Result- Captured by US Marines and executed by
  hanging

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Quote and Question

• "I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the
  crimes of this guilty land will never be purged
  away but with blood. I had, as I now think,
  vainly flattered myself that without very much
  bloodshed it might be done.
• Do you believe that John Brown was a martyr or a
  terrorist?

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Beginning the Fight Soldiers

• Hundreds of military officers resigned from the
  U.S. army to fight for the South.
• Robert E. Lee had been offered a command of Union
  troops, but turned it down to fight with
  Virginia.
• Most of the better generals will lead armies for
  the Confederacy
• 7 out of 8 military colleges were in the South.
• Strong military history and tradition would favor
  the Confederacy.

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Historical Facts

• ¾ of the Navys officers were from the North.
• Norths population in 1860 was 22 million, the
  Souths was 9 million.
• 90 of the nations factories were in the North.
• The South had ½ as many miles of railroad track
  as the North.
• The North controlled the national treasury and
  continued to gain revenue from tariffs.

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Money and the South

• Legal Tender Act created a national currency
  and allowed the government to issue paper money
  known as greenbacks.
• The South had smaller banks and most planters
  were in debt. They could raise money from trade,
  but the Union Navy blockaded southern ports.
• South resorted to taxing its citizens, but many
  refused to pay. They printed Confederate money,
  but this caused high inflation and the money
  became worthless.

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Southern Inflation During War

• Research Explain the amount of Southern
  inflation during the War.
• Question How much would it cost for everyday
  items such as bread, meat, etc?

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Reasons People Fought
States Rights Preserve the Union Geographic Loyalty
Slavery Slavery Slavery
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The Politics of Washington

• Lincoln had to deal with political disagreement
  within his own party and the North.
• Lincolns goal to preserve the union, even if he
  had to leave slavery alone, did not satisfy
  abolitionists.

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Differences between Democrats and Republicans

• War Democrats supported the war to preserve the
  Union, but opposed ending slavery.
• Peace Democrats became known as Copperheads
  because Republicans viewed them as traitors.
  They opposed the war and wanted to restore the
  union through negotiations.
• Democrats and Republicans disagreed over
  conscription the draft. Riots erupted in
  northern cities.
• Criticism over Lincolns suspension of writs of
  habeas corpus the right to be charged with a
  crime or be released.

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Conscription Posters
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Conscription Riots in New York
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First Modern War

• The Civil War was the first modern war armies
  had traditionally fought in long lines, facing
  each other at close range.
• New weapons that were more accurate at greater
  distances changed the way armies fought.
• Armies were using trenches and barricades for
  protection.
• Combination of better weapons and new strategies
  led to mass casualties and the need for many
  soldiers.

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Southern Views

• Jefferson Davis viewed the Souths cause as being
  similar to the war for independence.
• The South was fighting a defensive war and
  believed that one dynamic victory could determine
  the war.
• Many believed that military traditions, hunting
  and rural life made southerners better fighters.

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Southern View Cont.

• The South tried to gain support from Britain and
  France. Both countries utilized southern cotton
  for their textile factories.
• Confederate diplomats aboard the British ship
  Trent were taken into custody and held for
  several weeks. This became known as the Trent
  Affair.

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Unions Anaconda Plan

• Anaconda Plan proposed by Winfield Scott to
  slowly strangle the South.
• The Union would blockade Confederate ports and
  send gunboats down the Mississippi River to
  divide the Confederacy.
• Eventually, a war to destroy the Souths armies
  was the only way to win.

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