Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin, 2004

1
???????????? ????????

• ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????
• http//www.citforum.ru/nets/optic/optic1.shtml
• http//www.nag.ru/
• http//habrahabr.ru/post/193146/
• http//www.osp.ru/
• http//www.sff.net/people/Jeff.Hecht/chron.html
• http//www.fiber-optics.info/fiber-history.htm
• http//vks.belpak.by/sdo/optic3/dist.htm
• ?.????. ?????????? ???????? ??????.

Rev. 2.02 / 07.10.2013
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
2
??????? ????????
? 1870 ???? ???? ??????? (John Tyndall)
????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????
????????? ????? ??????? ?????. ? 1880 ????
????????? ?????? ???? (Alexander Graham Bell)
?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????
(?????????? 200 ??????).
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
3
????????? ???????????
?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????
?????????? ??????????? ???????? (n1gtn2), ??????
????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
?????????.
??? ???????????
???????? ????????
????????, n2
n1
??????????, n1
??? ??????????
n2
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
4
???? ???????
????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????
?????????? ??????, ? ???????, ??????????????
????????? ??? - ????????????. ?? ????????????
??????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ???.
?).
?).
?). ??????????? ??????????? ?). ????????????
???????????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
5
???????????, ???. ???????????

• ???????????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????
  f1014-1015??. ????????????? ? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? 1012??, ???
  ????/?.
• ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??
  ???? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????
  ???????????? ? ???? ????????????.
• ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?????????
  ????????????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ?????
  ???????????.
• ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????
  ????? - ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ????.
• ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????
  ???????? (?? 0.15 dB/??, ????????????? ?????? ???
  ??????????????? ??????? 0.02 dB/??).
• ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????.
• ?????????? ?????????.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
6
???????????, ???. ???????????

• ?????? ??????????? - ????? (SiO2), ?????
  ???????????????? ? ??????? ????????, ????????? ?
  ??????? ?? ????.
• ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? 100
  ??????, ????? ????? ???, ????? ??????????? ?
  ???????, ???????????????, ????????? ???????.
• ??????????? - ?????????????? ???????? ?????
  ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????
  (???????? ?????? ?????????, ? ??? ??????? ?? ????
  ?????? ???????? - ????? ?? ??????? ??????).
• ????????????? (????? 25 ???).
• ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????
  ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????
  ????????????.
• ?????? "??????????" ???????? ????????????? ?????
  ????????, ?.? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????
  ??????????????.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
7
???????? ???????? ?? ??????
????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????, ? ??
???? (????????, ? ??????? ??????????????
???????????). ??? ????? ??????? ????????
?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????
??????????? ??????????, ?.?. ?? ??????????????
?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ????? ????
?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????
??????. ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????
????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????.
U
h?
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
8
?????????? ??????

• ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????.
• ????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????????? ?
  ?????????????????? ????????????????? ?????
  ???????.
• ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????
  ???????? (????? ??????).
• ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
  ????????????????? ???????????????? (????????,
  ???????).
• ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????
  ???????????? ????????????.
• ?????????????? ????????????????? ??? ???????
  ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???
  ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?????.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
9
?????????? ???????????
?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????
????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????
???????? ??????????.
??????????? ???????. ??????????? ???????
?????????? - 8-10 ???. ??????? ???????? - 125
???. ???????? ? ?????????????? ???????. ?????????
??? ??????? ?????????? (??????????? ???????????)
- 50-62.5 ???. ??????? ???????? - 125
???. ??????? ?????????? (???????????
???????????) - 100-500 ???.
n
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
10
??? ????? ? ????????. ???????
??????????? ???????????
??????????
??????????? ???????????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
11
?????????????? ??????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
12
?????????????? ??????
http//habrahabr.ru/post/193146/
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
13
?????? ???????????
http//habrahabr.ru/post/193146/ http//habrahabr.
ru/post/195720/
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
14
?????????????? ?????
http//habrahabr.ru/post/193146/
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
15
?????? ???????????, ???????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
16
?????????? ?????
http//habrahabr.ru/post/193146/
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
17
?????? ??????????
???? ???????????? (??? ? ???????????? ?????????)
0.85???, 1.3???, 1.55 ???. ? ???????????? ????
????? ??????????? ? ??????????. ?? ?????? ??????
??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????
???????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??????????

• C-?????? (1530-1565??)
• L-?????? (1565-1620??)
• ???? ???????????? ?????? 1.3???

????????? (?????), dB/??
L
C
???????? David R. Goff. Fiber Optic Reference
Guide
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
18
????????? ????

• ????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????
  ??????????
• 1975 ?. - ????, ?????????? ?? ????? ????? 0.85
  ???, ???????????? ???????????, AlGaAs/GaAs
  ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ??????????
  ????????.
• 1982 ?. - ??????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??
  ????? ????? 1.3 ???.
• 1989 ?. - ??????? ?????? 1.55 ???, ???????????
  ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????.
• ??????????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ??? ???????
  ????????? - ??????? ????????? ????????.
  ????????????????? ??????????? ???? STM-16 ??
  ???????? ???????? 2.48832 ????/? ?????????????? ?
  300 ??. ? ???????????? NTT ? 1990 ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???????????
  ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? 2.5 ????/? ??
  ?????????? 2223 ??.
• ?????????? ? ???. 1990? ????? ??????????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????, ????????????
  ??????, ???????? ?? 30 dB. ? ????????????
  ?????????????????? ????? ????? ???-?????? ???-8 ?
  ???-9, ????????????? ????? ???-?????????
  ???????-?????? ???-3. ???? ?????????????? ??
  ?????????? ???? ???????????. ???????????
  ?????????? DWDM.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
19
???????? ???????? ? ????
???????????? ???????? Alcatel ??????? ????????
?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??
?????????? ????? 320 ?? ?? ????????? 1,6 ????/c
??? ?????????? ????????????. Flag-Atlantic (FA-1)
- 2001 ?. - 2.4????/???. Paris, September 28,
2009 -- Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs announces new
optical transmission record and breaks 100
Petabit (1017) per secondkilometer barrier.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
20
????????? ????
????????? 1 ??. ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????
- 80000. ????????? 1 ??. ?????? ??? ?????? -
10000 (2000 ???, ??????). ????????? ??????????
???? ? ??????? ?? 1 ????/??? 1998 ??? -- 650000
?? 1????/???. 2001 ??? -- 400 ? FA-1 ??
1????/???. ??????????????, ?????? ?? ??????
?????? ????????? ???????????.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
21
?????????
??????? ????????? ????, ???????????? ???????? ?
???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?
??????????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ??????????
??? ???????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????????
???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????.
????????, ??? 100??????? ???? ??? ?????????????
???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????
????? ???????? ?????????? 2 ??.
?????????? ????????? ? ???????????
I, n
???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???, ??? ????
????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ? ??????
?????????, ?, ?????????????, ????????? ??????
?????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???
??????????? ???????.
?
V(?)c/n(?)
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
22
?????? ???????????
???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????
???????????, ??????? ?????????? ? ???/?? (???/??,
???/??). ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????
?????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????
????????? (800??) ?????????? 50??, ?? ????????
???????? ??????????? ?? 5?? ??? ???????????
??????? ?????????, ?????????????, ?????? ?????
???????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?
???????????? ???????? ???????? 100???, ? ??????
??????????? ?????? ????? 100???/??. ? ???????,
????? ???? 1.3??? ? 1.5??? (???????? ??
?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????) ????????
????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????.
?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ???????
????????? ????????? ??????????? n(?) ? ?????????
????????? ???? ????.
n
n
?
?
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
23
?????????
????????? ??????? ?????????? ??-??
???????????????? ??????????????? ?
???????. ?????????? - ?????????????? ???????
????? ? ???????? ??-?? ???????????????. ??????????
? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?
??????? ?????????? ?? 6 ?????? ????? ???????????
??????, ??? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? 3
??. ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ??????????????
??????, ?? ????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????
????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?
????????. ??? ?????????? ???????, ?? ??????
??????????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????
1.3 ? 1.5???, ????? ?? ?????? ????????, ?????????
??????? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????
?????? ???.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
24
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
(???????????? ?????????? ? ???????????????????
?? ????? ?????)
?1
?1
??????- ??????? DWDM
????????- ??????? DWDM
?2
?2
. . .
. . .
?n
?n
????? ???????
????????? ?? ???????, ???????????? ??????
???????????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
25
WDM ???????????????
?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ????????
???????????? (??????? ???????????? ??????).
????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????
???????
????????? ?????????? ??????
?1
?2
?n
. . .
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
26
DWDM, ????????
????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????
???-?? ??????? WDM
?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
27
???????? ? ???. ??????? (OTN)
"Ultrahigh-capacity Digital Coherent Optical
Transmission Technology", 2012 Yutaka Miyamoto,
Akihide Sano, Eiji Yoshida, and Toshikazu Sakano
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
28
???????? ??????????
"Innovative Future Optical Transport Network
Technologies", 2012 Toshio Morioka, Masahiko
Jinno, Hidehiko Takara, and Hirokazu Kubota
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
29
?????? Shannon'?
"Innovative Future Optical Transport Network
Technologies", 2012 Toshio Morioka, Masahiko
Jinno, Hidehiko Takara, and Hirokazu Kubota
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
30
SDM ? MDM
Space division multiplexing (SDM) and mode
division multiplexing (MDM)
"Innovative Future Optical Transport Network
Technologies", 2012 Toshio Morioka, Masahiko
Jinno, Hidehiko Takara, and Hirokazu Kubota
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
31
??????????-??????? ?????-?
OOK on-off-keying DPSK differential phase-shift
keying
"Ultrahigh-capacity Digital Coherent Optical
Transmission Technology", 2012 Yutaka Miyamoto,
Akihide Sano, Eiji Yoshida, and Toshikazu Sakano
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
32
????????????? ?? ?????
???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????
?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??
?????????? ??????? ?????
"Innovative Future Optical Transport Network
Technologies", 2012 Toshio Morioka, Masahiko
Jinno, Hidehiko Takara, and Hirokazu Kubota
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs